Table 4.

TiDER checklist study characteristics.

References	Brief name	Aim	Set-up	Task	Who provided	How	Where	When/How much	Tailored	Intervention adherence
Yeh et al. (69)	Motivation and Telerehabilitation	To provide a telerehabilitation experience to create an elevated mood state allowing patients and therapists to experience a sense of co-presence that will be associated with satisfaction with the telerehabilitation system, and willingness to persist in therapy	A telerehabilitation system composed of two subsystems: a motor rehabilitation system, and a tele-communication system	The therapists had to guide the patient through the setup of the systems and then talk him/her through three computer games designed to provide motor rehabilitation exercises for the upper extremity	Therapist (Unspecified role)	Remotely from placed at a different location through the telerehabilitation system	Therapist/patient pairs were taken into separate rooms.	Daily therapy during an unspecified time	The difficulty levels and the progress in gameplay were monitored and manipulated through a live video chat during the exercise	Two 7-point scale items measured daily therapy during an unspecified time the willingness to persist in therapy
Lloréns et al. (70)	Virtual reality for self-awareness	To study the effectiveness of the virtual system in the rehabilitation of self-awareness skills	A multi-touch non-immersive virtual reality system	Patients had to move forward in the virtual game by answering questions, which can be related to knowledge (anatomical and pathological matters, red cards), reasoning (situational exercises, blue cards), action (role-playing exercises, green cards), or cohesion (jokes and sayings, yellow cards), related to their clinical condition	Self-provided by the patients	Self-provided by the patients at hospital	At hospital	1-hour session per week during 8 months	No	No
White et al. (71)	Tablet acceptability in stroke survivors'	To explore stroke survivor acceptability of and experience of tablet use during the first three months of stroke recovery	Tablet technology	A qualitative study using an inductive thematic approach incorporating the process of constant comparison was utilized to collect and analyze data	Self-provided by the patients	Remotely	Patients' home	During the first three months of stroke recovery	Not specified	Qualitative outcomes were participants' perceptions using in-depth, semi-structured interviews
Ferreira et al. (72)	Teleassessement in pwPD	To assess the feasibility and usability of an objective, continuous, and relatively unobtrusive system (SENSE-PARK System	SENSE-PARK System which consists of wearable sensors, a smartphone-based App, a balance board, and computer software	To perform a balance and cognitive training	Two trained researchers were involved. The training was administered by the SENSE-PARK System	Remotely	Patients' home	Sensors' information was registered 24 hours/7 days over 12 weeks	Not specified	Semi-structured interviews were conducted by phone to gain insight into the experiences of the participants using the SENSE-PARK System. Topics discussed were: willingness to continue in the study, satisfaction with the SENSE-PARK System, changes in health status or medical condition, adverse events, feedback messages, and doubts about the system
Nijenhuis et al. (73)	A motivational self-administered training for stroke	To assess the feasibility and potential clinical changes associated with a technology-supported arm and hand training system at home for patients with chronic stroke	A computer containing user interface and games, Touchscreen and SaeboMAS, SCRIPT wrist and hand orthosis	To perform an upper limb training combining assisted movement by an orthosis and motor videogame	Trained clinical researchers (human movement scientists), physical therapists, or occupational therapists remotely	Remotely	Patients' home	30 minutes of exercise per day, 6 days per week	Game difficulty schedule was used by the HCP weekly to provide the correct game categories to each participant. The HCP adjusted the training program remotely by accessing the HCP user interface	The System Usability Scale is a 10-item scale to assess a global view of the subjective experience of system usability
Lloréns et al. (74)	Telerehabilitation of balance after stroke	To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a virtual reality-based telerehabilitation program in recovering balance compared to an in-clinic program in hemiparetic patients with stroke. Second, to compare the subjective experiences, and finally, to contrast the costs	The hardware system consisted of a TV, a standard computer, and a Kinect™ (Microsoft®, WA). A 42” LCD screen and a PC were used in the clinical setting	The VE used in the experiment represented the participants' feet and their movements in an empty scenario, which consisted of a checkered floor that facilitated the depth perception, with a central circle that represented the center of the VE. Different items rose from the floor around the circle	Two physical therapists were involved remotely to detect possible issues and act accordingly	Remotely	Patients' home	45-minute training sessions, 3 days a week, during 8 weeks.	The level of difficulty of the task was defined by configuring the region of appearance, distance, size, lifetime, and number of simultaneous items. The difficulty of the task was adjusted automatically by the system	The System Usability Scale is a 10-item scale to assess a global view of the subjective experience of system usability
Palacios-Ceña et al. (75)	Kinect VR home-based program in pwMS	To explore the experiences of multiple sclerosis patients who performed a virtual home-exercise program using Kinect	Kinect home-exercise program	Postural control and balance exercises	Medical doctors and therapists were involved in the recruitment and assessment times	Remotely	Patients' home	10-week training	Unspecified	Unstructured interviews, using open questions, and thematic analysis were conducted
Houlihan et al. (76)	Enhancing self-management in pwSCI	To evaluate the impact of “My Care My Call” (MCMC), a peer-led, telephone-based health self-management intervention in adults with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI)	Telephone	Trained peer health coaches applied the person-centered health self-management intervention	Trained peer health coaches	Remotely	Patient's home	6 months on a tapered call schedule	Unspecified	Phone interviews
Engelhard et al. (77)	Remotely engagement in MS	To evaluate web-based patient-reported outcome (wbPRO) collection in pwMS in terms of feasibility, reliability, adherence, and subject-perceived benefits; and quantify the impact of MS-related symptoms on perceived well-being	Web portal	Patients had to report symptoms from home and view their symptom history. Subjects were required to complete each of the five questionnaires	Unspecified	Remotely	Patients' home	One per month during 6 months	No	Questionnaires at the web portal
D'hooghe et al. (81)	MS Telecoach feasibility	To enhance levels of physical activity, thereby improving fatigue in pwMS in an accessible and interactive way, reinforcing self-management of patients	Smartphone application consisting of two main components: telemonitoring and telecoaching	Patients had to perform a physical activity training while they were telemonitored and telecoached	Unspecified	Remotely	Patient's home	2- week run-in period was followed by a 12-week evaluation period	No	Telemonitored information about physical activity by the smartphone application. Visual analogue scale to assess levels of fatigue
Lai et al. (78)	Telemonitored rehabilitation in pwPD	To explore the uptake and implementation of Tele-Monitored Home-Exercise program in adults with PD	Android computer tablet with Bluetooth and wireless Internet capability, mounted to an adjustable floor stand. A wearable physiologic monitor (BioHarness 3, Zephyr)	Combined strength and aerobic exercise. Participants exercised under a telecoachs' supervision via videoconferencing	Research staff	Remotely	Patients' home	8 weeks of exercise, 3 sessions per week: with a total of 24 sessions	No	Measures of adherence included four variables: (a) the total number of exercise sessions performed, (b) time in minutes exercising per week, (c) time exercising at a moderate aerobic intensity per week, and (d) attendance. Interviews included 10 open-ended questions that served as general prompts for discussion in the following areas: perceptions of the program, equipment/devices, exercise setting, telecoach (or not having one), and rationales for exercise adherence
Skolasky et al. (79)	Improving Rehabilitation Engagement After Spinal Stenosis Surgery	To compare the effectiveness of health behavior change counseling with usual care to improve health outcomes after lumbar spine surgical procedures	Telephone	Health behavior change counseling is a brief, telephone-based intervention intended to increase rehabilitation engagement through motivational interviewing strategies that elicit and strengthen motivation for change	Clinical staff	Remotely	Patients' home	Participants were assessed before the surgical procedure and for 3 years after the surgical procedure for pain intensity	No	Phone interviews
Pitt et al. (80)	Telerehabilitation in pw aphasia	To describe changes in aphasia severity, and communication-related QOL and participation, for people with chronic aphasia following TeleGAIN	Web-based videoconferencing	Treatment provided opportunities to participate in a conversation, engage with others with aphasia, and complete functional communication activities	Clinicians and patients	Remotely	Patients' home	12 weeks	No	Communication-related quality of life and participation assessments
Dennett et al. (82)	Web-based physical intervention in pwMS	To explore the experiences of participants who used a web-based physiotherapy intervention as part of a feasibility randomized controlled trial by in-depth interviews	Web-based exercise platform	Patients had to perform a web- based exercise program	Physical therapist	Remotely	Patients' home	Twice-weekly web-based physiotherapy sessions.	No	Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis
Vries et al. (83)	Home-based video intervention in pwPD	To study the barriers and facilitators as perceived by PD patients considering continuous video recording at home for medical research and/or medical treatment purposes	Home-based video system + Kinect camera, which measures motor functioning	Patients had to perform their motor training routine, and it was recorded through the Kinect to the assessment of movement parameters, including standing up and several gait parameters	Research staff	Remotely	Patients' home	Motor training: not specified Interviews were conducted during 1 year	No	Interviews were semi-structured and included a standardized introduction, open-ended questions, and prompts to encourage further discussion and more specific answers
Thomas et al. (84)	Digital fatigue management in pwMS	To gather views about a web-based model of service delivery from HCPs who had delivered FACETS and from pwMS who had attended FACETS	Telephone	Telephone consultations were undertaken with FACETS-trained HCPs who had the experience of delivering FACETS	Clinicians	Remotely	Patients' home	Face to face consultation intervention	No	Interviews
Chemtob et al. (85)	Telehealth to enhance motivation in pwSCI	To test a pilot tele-health intervention, grounded in self-determination theory, to enhance need satisfaction, motivation, physical activity, and quality of life among adults with SCI.	Online video-chat platform.	Patients had to perform a leisure-time physical activity program that has been supported by an online coach intervention	Psychologist	Remotely	Patients' home	The Intervention group received online 1hour of counseling session per week, during 8 weeks	No	Online counseling
Ellis et al. (86)	Effectiveness of mHealth in pwPD	To explore the preliminary effectiveness, safety, and acceptability of a mobile health (mHealth)–a mediated exercise program designed to promote sustained physical activity in people with PD	Mobile health (mHealth)	Patients had to perform a mobile health–mediated exercise program (“mHealth” condition) with an exercise program administered without mobile health technology	Unspecified	Remotely	Patients' home	12-month single-blind (assessor)	No	Exercise adherence data were collected via daily records of steps taken and exercises performed, using either the mobile health application. Program acceptability was assessed after 12 months by having participants rate their satisfaction using a 1 to 10 Likert scale