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. 2020 May 6;7:248. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00248

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Copyright © 2020 Ghafar, McGill, Stevenson, Badar, Kumbher, Warriach, Gasser and Jabbar.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Grouped stacked bar plot of logistic regression of probability impact score of bovine health and production constraints on milk (A) and meat (B) production in cattle and buffaloes perceived by small-scale dairy farmers and animal health professionals in Pakistan. Major bovine health and production constraints include blood parasites (BPA), blackleg (BQU), foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), hemorrhagic septicemia (HSE), internal parasites (IPA), mastitis (MAS), Redwater (RWA), reproductive disorders (REP), and ticks (TIC).