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. 2020 May 6;7:177. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00177

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Copyright © 2020 Hekler, Kather, Krieghoff-Henning, Utikal, Meier, Gellrich, Upmeier zu Belzen, French, Schlager, Ghoreschi, Wilhelm, Kutzner, Berking, Heppt, Haferkamp, Sondermann, Schadendorf, Schilling, Izar, Maron, Schmitt, Fröhling, Lipka and Brinker.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Boxplot of the achieved accuracies, sensitivities, and specificities over 10 simulation runs. 804 biopsy-verified images of nevi and melanoma are labeled by both the majority decision of several dermatologists (MD) and by a biopsy-verified ground truth (BIO). All combinations of these two different ground truths are applied for training and test set, so that a total of four scenarios can be distinguished (MD/MD, BIO/MD, BIO/BIO, MD/BIO). 4-fold cross-validation is applied on a test set of 384 images to evaluate the performance of the algorithm.