Figure 1.

Task design for the fMRI N-Back SWM task. A: Dots are presented at one of four locations, within a diamond shape; each location was associated with a response button (1, left middle finger, 2, left index finger, 3, right index finger, 4, right middle finger). B: Task design, with images shown for 1500ms with an ISI of 950ms. For the 0-Back trials, participants indicate the position of the dot on the current image. For 2-Back, participants indicate the position on the image from two trials prior (thus, there is no response for trials 1 and 2). C: Schematic of the block design of condition presentations, with alternating 0-Back, 2-Back, 30 seconds rest, for six repetitions. Each 0-Back or 2-Back block included 20 trials. An instruction screen was presented before each block.