. 2020 May 6;7:62. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00062

Table 5.

Partial correlation coefficients between U-sugars (not adjusted for U-osm) and its potential predictors in women and men of the Malmö Offspring Study.

	Women (n = 373)				Men (n = 295)
	Separate models^a		Multivariate model^a^, ^b		Separate models^a		Multivariate model^a^, ^b
	r	P	r	P	r	P	r	P
Added sugar (E%)	0.23	<0.01			0.27	<0.01	0.31	<0.01
Desserts (g/d)	0.09	0.08	0.10	0.04	0.14	<0.01
Sweets (g/d)	0.22	<0.01	0.21	<0.01	0.16	<0.01
Toppings (servings/d)	−0.02	0.72			0.05	0.35
SSBs (g/d)	0.07	0.15			0.25	<0.01
Fruits (g/d)	−0.10	0.05			−0.14	0.01
Juice (g/d)	0.02	0.68			0.10	0.07
Education level	−0.12	0.03			−0.12	0.05	−0.13	0.02
Smoking status	0.05	0.35			0.06	0.28
Alcohol habits	−0.09	0.09			−0.005	0.93
LTPA	−0.05	0.34			−0.03	0.56
BMI (kg/m²)	0.11	0.02			−0.08	0.12
Waist circumference (cm)	0.09	0.08			−0.08	0.12	−0.18	<0.01
Systolic BP (mmHg)	0.18	<0.01	0.17	<0.01	0.08	0.13
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	0.13	<0.01	0.12	0.01	0.01	0.78
U-osm (mOsm/kg)	0.41	<0.01	0.41	<0.01	0.39	<0.01	0.40	<0.01
e-GFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)	−0.05	0.33			−0.08	0.16

All partial correlations are adjusted for age and energy intake.

The multivariate partial correlation model was determined through stepwise backward linear regression. All covariates were added simultaneously to a linear regression model and the covariate with the highest P-value was excluded in a stepwise manner from the model until all covariates were deemed significant.

U-sugars are log₁₀-transformed. Fasting glucose is measured in plasma.

U-sugars, sum of urinary sucrose and fructose; U-osm, urine osmolality; SSB, sugar-sweetened beverages; LTPA, leisure-time physical activity; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; e-GFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.