TABLE 1.

Effect of seed treatments with a consortium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Trichoderma koningii TK7, and rhizosphere bacteria or with a consortium of Trichoderma koningii TK7 and rhizosphere bacteria (Tricho) plus a protein hydrolyzate-based biostimulant (PH), or with a protein hydrolyzate-based biostimulant (PH), on dry weight and dry matter of shoots and roots, root-to-shoot ratio and SPAD index in maize plants.

Treatment	Shoot		Roots		Root to shoot	SPAD index
	Dry weight (g plant–1)	Dry matter (%)	Dry weight (g plant–1)	Dry matter (%)
Control	131.5b	10.9ab	29.8c	7.7b	0.21b	27.7b
AMF + Tricho	141.0ab	9.7b	44.1a	8.4ab	0.33a	30.8a
PH	155.0a	11.7a	36.6b	8.9a	0.24b	28.0b
PH + Tricho	151.8a	10.9ab	37.9b	8.8a	0.25b	28.6ab
Significance	*	*	***	*	**	*

*, **, ***, significant at P ≤ 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively. Different letters within each column indicate significant differences according to Duncan’s multiple-range test (P = 0.05).