TABLE 2.
Summarized biosynthesis processes highlighted in leaves of maize plants treated with a consortium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Trichoderma koningii TK7, and rhizosphere bacteria or with a consortium of Trichoderma koningii TK7 and rhizosphere bacteria (Tricho) plus a protein hydrolyzate-based biostimulant (PH), or with a protein hydrolyzate-based biostimulant (PH).
| AMF + Trichoderma |
PH |
PH + Trichoderma |
|||||||
| Number of compounds | Average FC | Sum FC | Number of compounds | Average FC | Sum FC | Number of compounds | Average FC | Sum FC | |
| Amino acid | 10 | 2.3 | 23.0 | 11 | 3.3 | 36.8 | 11 | 4.3 | 47.0 |
| Nucleosides and Nucleotides | 6 | –4.1 | –24.4 | 8 | –0.7 | –5.6 | 8 | –0.3 | –2.2 |
| Fatty acid and Lipid | 14 | –0.4 | –6.1 | 15 | –0.1 | –1.1 | 15 | 0.0 | –0.1 |
| Amines and Polyamines | 1 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 1 | –3.8 | –3.8 | 1 | –3.8 | –3.8 |
| Carbohydrates 3 | −1.6 | –4.7 | 6 | 7.5 | 45.1 | 6 | 6.3 | 37.9 | |
| Secondary Metabolites | 144 | –0.4 | –55.5 | 167 | 0.3 | 44.3 | 167 | 0.1 | 23.1 |
| Cofactors, Prosthetic Groups, Electron Carriers | 12 | 1.9 | 22.4 | 13 | 7.2 | 94.2 | 13 | 8.9 | 116.2 |
| Hormones | 10 | 1.3 | 12.7 | 15 | 5.0 | 74.4 | 15 | 5.4 | 81.0 |
| Cell structures | 4 | –2.0 | –8.1 | 5 | 4.0 | 35.2 | 5 | 10.4 | 52.0 |
| Metabolic Regulators | 1 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2 | –5.1 | –10.3 | 2 | –0.2 | –0.5 |
| Other biosynthesis | 9 | –2.8 | –25.0 | 0 | –5.3 | –53.3 | 10 | –3.5 | –35.7 |
The metabolomic dataset produced through UHPLC-ESI/QTOF-MS was subjected to a Volcano Plot analysis (P < 0.01, fold-change > 1.2) and differential metabolites were loaded into PlantCyc Pathway Tool (https://www.plantcyc.org/). The average and summed Log fold-changes (Log FC) values, together with the number of compounds involved, is provided for each biosynthetic pathway and for each treatment.