Table 3.
Comparisons of Baseline Characteristics by Frailty Group.
| Characteristics | Frail | Nonfrail | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median (interquartile range); n (%) | |||
| Cognitive impaired | n = 66 50 (75.8%) |
n = 31 18 (58.1%) |
P = .076, n = 97 |
| MoCA score (≤24) | n = 66 21 (15.75-24.25) |
n = 31 24 (21-26) |
P = .006, n = 97 |
| Depressive symptoms | n = 63 35 (55.6%) |
n = 31 13 (42%) |
P = .214, n = 94 |
| GDS score (≥2) | n = 63 2 (1-4) |
n = 31 1 (0-3) |
P = .068, n = 94 |
| EQ-5D-3L dimensions | n = 66 | n = 31 | |
| Mobility Problems |
52 (78.8%) | 11 (35.5%) | P < .001 |
| Self-care Problems |
9 (13.7%) | 30 (96.8%) | P = .161 |
| Daily activities Problems |
36 (54.6%) | 16 (51.6%) | P = .571 |
| Pain/discomfort Problems |
50 (75.8%) | 18 (58%) | P = .001 |
| Anxiety/depression Problems |
21 (31.8%) | 7 (22.6%) | P = .349 |
| EQ-5D utility score | n = 66 0.79 (0.71-0.83) |
n = 31 0.85 (0.79-1) |
P < .001, n = 97 |
| EQ-VAS | n = 66 50 (40-75) |
n = 31 60 (50-80) |
P = .111, n = 97 |
Note. Frailty was measured using 5-item Fried frailty criteria, frail: ≥3 criteria present, nonfrail: <3, nonfrail was considered the combination of robust and prefrail. Cognitive function was measured using the MoCA: the highest possible score is 30, cognitive impaired: MoCA score ≤24. Depressive symptoms were identified using 5-item GDS questionnaire: the worst possible score is 5, depressed: GDS score ≥ 2. Quality of life was measured using EQ-5D; problems in each dimension were considered the combination of moderate and extreme problems. EQ-5D utility score: 0 means death and 1 is the best health state; EQ-VAS: 0 is the worst imaginable health state and 100 is the best imaginable health state. EQ-5D-3L = EuroQol-5 dimensions-3 levels; MoCA = Montreal Cognitive Assessment; GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale; EQ-VAS = EuroQol visual analog scale.