Table 4.
Comparisons of 1-Year Follow-Up Characteristics by the Frailty Group.
| Characteristics | Frail | Nonfrail | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median (interquartile range); n (%) | |||
| Cognitive impaired | n = 41 30 (73.2%) |
n = 21 10 (47.7%) |
P = .047, n = 62 |
| MoCA score (≤24) | n = 41 24 (19-25) |
n = 21 25 (21-26) |
P = .039, n = 62 |
| Depressive symptoms | n = 44 24 (54.6%) |
n = 21 7 (33.3%) |
n = 65, P = .109 |
| GDS score (≥2) | n = 44 2 (1-3) |
n = 21 1 (0-2) |
P = .034, n = 65 |
| EQ-5D-3L dimensions | n = 44 | n = 21 | |
| Mobility Problems |
40 (90.9%) | 15 (71.4%) | P = .065 |
| Self-care Problems |
12 (27.3%) | 0 (0%) | P = .006 |
| Daily activities Problems |
30 (68.2%) | 8 (38.1%) | P = .021 |
| Pain/discomfort Problems |
30 (68.2%) | 11 (52.4%) | P = .217 |
| Anxiety/depression Problems |
17 (38.6%) | 7 (33.3%) | P = .679 |
| EQ-5D utility score | n = 44 0.78 (0.6-0.82) |
n = 21 0.81 (0.78-0.85) |
P = .023, n = 65 |
| EQ-VAS | n = 43 50 (40-75) |
n = 20 65 (46.25-80) |
P = .286, n = 63 |
Note. Frailty was measured using 5-item Fried frailty criteria, frail: ≥3 criteria present, nonfrail: <3, nonfrail was considered the combination of robust and prefrail. Cognitive function was measured using the MoCA: the highest possible score is 30, cognitive impaired: MoCA score ≤24. Depressive symptoms were identified using 5-item GDS questionnaire: the worst possible score is 5, depressed: GDS score ≥ 2. Quality of life was measured using EQ-5D; problems in each dimension were considered the combination of moderate and extreme problems. EQ-5D utility score: 0 means death and 1 is the best health state; EQ-VAS: 0 is the worst imaginable health state and 100 is the best imaginable health state. EQ-5D-3L = EuroQol-5 dimensions-3 levels; MoCA = Montreal Cognitive Assessment; GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale; EQ-VAS = EuroQol visual analog scale.