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. 2020 May 12;51:64. doi: 10.1186/s13567-020-00784-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Effect of NNV on cellular ROS production and the antiviral activity of oxygen radicals. A ROS production by head kidney leukocytes during in vitro infection with NNV. The data are represented as the fold change relative luminescence units (RLUs) in the infected samples compared to those of the uninfected cells at each sampling point. Statistically significant differences between NNV-infected and control cells were represented with #, whereas differences along time for the infected cells were represented with *. B ROS detection in head kidney leukocytes at 1 and 5 dpi after in vivo infection with NNV. The data are represented as the fold change of the RLUs in the infected fish compared to those measured for the uninfected animals. C Replication levels of NNV after treatment with H₂O₂ measured by qPCR amplification of the gene encoding the NNV capsid. hpt: hours post-treatment.