Table 1.
Maternal, delivery, and newborn characteristics according to breastfeeding status at hospital dischargea
| Exclusive breastfeeding at discharge | Nonexclusive breastfeeding at discharge | p - value | Both groups combined | Total Nb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (mother-newborn pairs) | 6583 | 551 | 7134 | ||
| Mothers | |||||
| Age at delivery in years mean (SD) | 27.4 (5.63) | 28.4 (5.75) | < 0.001 | 27.5 (5.65) | |
| Age at delivery in years % | 0.003 | ||||
| < 20 | 6.8 | 5.3 | 6.7 | 475 | |
| 20–24 | 26.4 | 21.4 | 26.0 | 1855 | |
| 25–29 | 33.2 | 33.9 | 33.3 | 2373 | |
| 30–34 | 21.8 | 22.9 | 21.9 | 1560 | |
| ≥ 35 | 11.8 | 16.5 | 12.2 | 871 | |
| Marital status % | 0.13 | ||||
| Single | 13.1 | 11.3 | 13.0 | 924 | |
| Married | 50.1 | 54.4 | 50.4 | 3598 | |
| Unknown | 36.8 | 34.3 | 36.6 | 2612 | |
| Education level % | < 0.001 | ||||
| Secondary school or less | 56.7 | 48.5 | 56.0 | 3996 | |
| Higher education | 34.9 | 45.6 | 35.8 | 2551 | |
| Unknown | 8.4 | 6.0 | 8.2 | 586 | |
| BMI in kg/m2, median (25th–75th percentile) | 22.9 (20.5–26.0) | 23.2 (20.8–26.6) | 0.14 | 22.9 (20.6–26.1) | |
| BMI in kg/m2, % | 0.23 | ||||
| < 18.5 | 7.5 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 465 | |
| 18.5- < 25 | 60.3 | 59.5 | 60.3 | 3735 | |
| 25- < 30 | 21.6 | 20.0 | 21.5 | 1334 | |
| ≥ 30 | 10.5 | 13.4 | 10.7 | 663 | |
| Parity % | 0.03 | ||||
| 0 | 39.8 | 43.0 | 40.1 | 2860 | |
| 1 | 38.4 | 32.5 | 37.9 | 2707 | |
| 2 | 16.9 | 18.0 | 17.0 | 1210 | |
| ≥ 3 | 4.9 | 6.5 | 5.0 | 357 | |
| In vitro fertilization % | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.42 | 0.7 | 48 |
| Delivery | |||||
| Mode of delivery % | < 0.001 | ||||
| Vaginal delivery | 58.3 | 46.2 | 57.3 | 4089 | |
| Caesarean delivery | 41.7 | 53.8 | 42.7 | 3041 | |
| Maternal intrapartum complications % | 4.8 | 5.4 | 0.58 | 4.9 | 347 |
| Newborns | |||||
| Newborn sex % | 0.88 | ||||
| Female | 48.3 | 48.7 | 48.3 | 3447 | |
| Male | 51.7 | 51.3 | 51.7 | 3685 | |
| Birthweight in g, mean (SD) | 3364 (426.5) | 3274 (516.9) | < 0.001 | 3357 (434.8) | |
| Birthweight in g % | < 0.001 | ||||
| < 2500 | 1.5 | 5.1 | 1.8 | 125 | |
| 2500–2999 | 15.4 | 19.2 | 15.7 | 1121 | |
| 3000–3499 | 44.0 | 41.9 | 43.9 | 3127 | |
| 3500–3999 | 30.5 | 26.1 | 30.1 | 2148 | |
| ≥ 4000 | 8.6 | 7.6 | 8.5 | 606 | |
| Admission to NICU % | 1.8 | 43.7 | < 0.001 | 4.4 | 308 |
aThe Georgian Birth Registry, November–December 2017 (n = 7134)
SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, NICU neonatal intensive care unit
bFor some variables, the numbers do not add up to the total (n = 7134) because of missing values: education n = 7133, BMI n = 6197, mode of delivery n = 7130, newborn sex n = 7132, birthweight n = 7127, and admission to NICU n = 7005