Table 3.

Multivariate regression analysis for groups comparisons (diabetes, healthy and chronic disease group) on the PedsQL-YA scales, corrected for age and gender

		Unstandardized coefficients		Standardized coefficients
		B	SE	β	t	p-value
Total	Diabetes	reference
	Healthy	6.294	1.248	0.228	5.042	0.000
	Chronic disease	−4.015	1.801	−0.101	−2.229	0.026
	Age	−0.533	0.254	−0.085	−2.103	0.036
	Gender	−4.069	1.116	−0.148	−3.645	0.000
Physical	Diabetes	reference
	Healthy	5.007	1.411	0.161	3.549	0.000
	Chronic disease	−6.986	2.035	−0.155	−3.433	0.001
	Age	−0.682	0.287	−0.097	−2.379	0.018
	Gender	−4.862	1.261	−0.157	−3.854	0.000
Emotional	Diabetes	reference
	Healthy	6.399	1.794	0.163	3.568	0.000
	Chronic disease	−1.484	2.587	−0.026	−0.573	0.567
	Age	−0.875	0.364	−0.098	−2.402	0.017
	Gender	−8.592	1.604	−0.220	−5.357	0.000
Social	Diabetes	reference
	Healthy	1.938	1.418	0.064	1.367	0.172
	Chronic disease	−7.140	2.045	−0.164	−3.491	0.001
	Age	−0.237	0.288	−0.035	−0.822	0.411
	Gender	−1.797	1.268	−0.060	−1.417	0.157
School	Diabetes	reference
	Healthy	12.742	1.571	0.366	8.111	0.000
	Chronic disease	1.459	2.266	0.029	0.644	0.520
	Age	−0.251	0.319	−0.032	−0.788	0.431
	Gender	−0.606	1.405	−0.017	−0.432	0.666

Note. Higher scores indicate better HRQOL; Norm data (healthy and chronic disease) taken from Limperg et al. [24]; Gender is coded as male = 0;female = 1