Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of non-smokers, former smokers, and current smokers
| Variables | Total N=7586 (N, %) |
Non-smoker N=6075 (N, %) |
Former smoker N=541 (N, %) |
Current smoker N=970 (N, %) |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male | 3871(51.02) | 2493(64.4) | 466(12.04) | 912(23.56) | <0.001 |
| Female | 3715(48.98) | 3582(96.42) | 75(2.02) | 58(1.56) | ||
| Age group (years) | 35-45 | 3941(51.95) | 3369(85.49) | 149(3.78) | 423(10.73) | <0.001 |
| 46-55 | 2448(32.27) | 1855(75.78) | 222(9.07) | 371(15.16) | ||
| 56-65 | 1197(15.77) | 851(71.09) | 170(14.2) | 176(14.7) | ||
| Marital status | Single | 403(5.31) | 373(92.56) | 4(0.99) | 26(6.45) | <0.001 |
| Married | 6840(90.17) | 5392(78.83) | 525(7.68) | 923(13.49) | ||
| Widow/ divorced | 343(4.52) | 310(90.38) | 12(3.5) | 21(6.12) | ||
|
Educational status (Years) |
Illiterate | 3064(40.39) | 2523(82.34) | 229(7.47) | 312(10.18) | <0.001 |
| 1-5 | 2146(28.29 | 1655(77.12) | 152(7.08) | 339(15.8) | ||
| 6-9 | 880(11.60) | 665(75.57) | 53(6.02) | 162(18.41) | ||
| 10-12 | 849(11.19) | 676(79.62) | 67(7.89) | 106(12.49) | ||
| 13≥ | 647(8.53) | 556(85.94) | 40(6.18) | 51(7.88) | ||
| Wealth index | 1st quintile ( the poorest) | 1459(19.23) | 1195(81.91) | 89(6.10) | 175(11.99) | 0.664 |
| 2nd quintile | 1489(19.63) | 1174(78.84) | 114(7.66) | 201(13.50) | ||
| 3rd quintile | 1489(19.63) | 1177(79.05) | 104(6.98) | 208(13.97) | ||
| 4th quintile | 1533(20.21) | 1212(79.06) | 113(7.37) | 208(13.57) | ||
| 5th quintile (the richest) | 1574(20.75) | 1284(81.58) | 118(7.50) | 172(10.93) | ||
| Physical activity (METs-hours per week) | 24-36.5 | 1987(26.19) | 1551(78.06) | 146(7.35) | 290(14.59) | <0.001 |
| 36.6-44.9 | 3849(50.74) | 3291(85.50) | 220(5.72) | 338(8.78) | ||
| ≥45 | 1743(22.98) | 1228(70.45) | 175(10.04) | 340(19.51) | ||
|
BMI kg/m2 |
≤18.5 | 149(1.96) | 90(60.40) | 10(6.71) | 49(32.89) | <0.001 |
| 18.6-24.9 | 2254(29.71) | 1678(74.45) | 173(7.68) | 403(17.88) | ||
| 25-29 | 3266(43.05) | 2643(80.92) | 241(7.38) | 382(11.70) | ||
| 30-34.9 | 1484(19.56) | 1285(86.59) | 95(6.40) | 104(7.01) | ||
| >=35 | 383(5.05) | 345(90.08) | 17(4.44) | 21(5.48) | ||
| Number of cigarette per day | non- smoker | 6075 (79.47) | - | - | - | 0.089 |
| 1-10 | 549(7.18) | - | 189(41.18) | 270(58.82) | ||
| 10-20 | 272(3.55) | - | 100(36.76) | 172(63.24) | ||
| >20 | 748(9.84) | - | 221(29.55) | 527(70.45) | ||
| HEI | 1st quintile ( the unhealthy) | 1587(20.92) | 1247(78.58) | 121(7.62) | 219(13.8) | 0.135 |
| 2nd quintile | 1475(19.44) | 1163(78.85) | 100(6.78) | 212(14.37) | ||
| 3rd quintile | 1546(20.38) | 1284(83.05) | 93(6.02) | 169(10.93) | ||
| 4th quintile | 1699(22.40) | 1361(80.11) | 127(7.47) | 211(12.42) | ||
| 5th quintile (the healthy) | 1279(16.86) | 1020(79.75) | 100(7.82) | 159(12.43) | ||
| Abnormal HDL | No | 5226(68.89) | 4357(83.37) | 367(7.02) | 502(9.61) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 2306(30.40) | 1677(72.72) | 171(7.42) | 458(19.86) | ||
| Abnormal LDL | No | 7397(97.51) | 5924(80.09) | 522(7.06) | 951(12.86) | 0.011 |
| Yes | 135(1.78) | 110(81.48) | 16(11.85) | 9(6.67) | ||
| Abnormal TG | No | 6467(85.25) | 5216(80.66) | 460(7.11) | 791(12.23) | 0.001 |
| Yes | 1066(14.05) | 819(76.83) | 78(7.32) | 169(18.85) | ||
| Abnormal CH | No | 6980(92.01) | 5599(80.21) | 481(6.89) | 900(12.89) | 0.001 |
| Yes | 553(7.29) | 436(78.84) | 57(10.31) | 60(10.85) | ||
| LDL/HDL ratio | Mean (SD) | - | 2.23(0.68) | 2.40(0.69) | 2.54(0.76) | <0.001 |
| Frequency | - | 6033 | 538 | 959 | ||
| CH/HDL ratio | Mean (SD) | - | 4.06(1.09) | 4.28(1.08) | 4.54(1.21) | <0.001 |
| Frequency | - | 6034 | 538 | 960 | ||