Table 1.
Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and Bland-Altman analyses of heart rate readings of the Young and Senior groups during different activity phases.
| Group, activity, number of readings, and device | MAPE analysis, mean (SD) | Bland-Altman analysis | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
Mean absolute error (bpm) | Mean absolute percentage error | Mean difference (lower to upper limits of agreement) |
| Young | ||||||
|
|
Rest | |||||
|
|
|
3620 | ||||
|
|
|
|
Gaa | 2.98 (3.14) | 3.96 (4.17) | −1.4 (−9.4 to 6.6) |
|
|
|
|
Mib | 3.27 (4.48) | 4.46 (6.05) | 0 (−10.9 to 10.8) |
|
|
Walking | |||||
|
|
|
7200 | ||||
|
|
|
|
Ga | 3.35 (4.73) | 3.77 (5.29) | 0.2 (−11.5 to 11.2) |
|
|
|
|
Mi | 6.39 (7.93) | 7.46 (9.93) | 3.7 (−14.8 to 22.3) |
|
|
Running | |||||
|
|
|
7200 | ||||
|
|
|
|
Ga | 3.48 (7.66) | 2.85 (6.29) | −2.6 (−18.3 to 13.1) |
|
|
|
|
Mi | 10.41 (12.99) | 8.32 (10.54) | 6.7 (−23.1 to 36.6) |
|
|
Cycling | |||||
|
|
|
7200 | ||||
|
|
|
|
Ga | 6.19 (14.41) | 4.92 (10.79) | −5.7 (−34.3 to 23.0) |
|
|
|
|
Mi | 14.05 (20.56) | 10.93 (15.36) | −13.4 (−54.5 to 27.8) |
|
|
Elliptical | |||||
|
|
|
7200 | ||||
|
|
|
|
Ga | 3.06 (5.11) | 2.52 (4.32) | −2.0 (−13.0 to 9.0) |
|
|
|
|
Mi | 14.06 (19.73) | 10.77 (14.88) | −13.3 (−53.0 to 26.4) |
|
|
Recovery | |||||
|
|
|
10,800 | ||||
|
|
|
|
Ga | 4.40 (7.22) | 4.38 (6.85) | 1.0 (−15.4 to 17.5) |
|
|
|
|
Mi | 4.86 (7.90) | 4.73 (7.60) | 0.5 (−17.7 to 18.7) |
|
|
Total | |||||
|
|
|
43,220 | ||||
|
|
|
|
Ga | 4.03 (8.21) | 3.77 (6.90) | −1.6 (−19.3 to 16.1) |
|
|
|
|
Mi | 8.85 (14.46) | 7.69 (11.66) | −2.6 (−35.5 to 30.3) |
| Senior | ||||||
|
|
Rest | |||||
|
|
|
3620 | ||||
|
|
|
|
Ga | 1.96 (3.53) | 2.45 (4.11) | −1.0 (−8.7 to 6.6) |
|
|
|
|
Mi | 4.03 (6.54) | 5.59 (9.67) | 1.2 (−13.7 to 16.1) |
|
|
Walking | |||||
|
|
|
7200 | ||||
|
|
|
|
Ga | 6.72 (10.56) | 7.06 (10.96) | 4.3 (−18.8 to 27.3) |
|
|
|
|
Mi | 8.09 (12.77) | 8.69 (13.85) | 2.8 (−26.3 to 31.9) |
|
|
Running | |||||
|
|
|
7200 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ga | 2.7 (4.36) | 2.54 (4.08) | −1.4 (−11.0 to 8.3) |
|
|
|
|
Mi | 7.46 (16.73) | 7.02 (16.14) | 3.6 (−31.6 to 38.8) |
|
|
Cycling | |||||
|
|
|
7200 | ||||
|
|
|
|
Ga | 3.85 (11) | 3.65 (9.69) | −3.2 (−25.2 to 18.7) |
|
|
|
|
Mi | 3.91 (7.5) | 3.78 (6.92) | −2.4 (−18.3 to 13.6) |
|
|
Elliptical | |||||
|
|
|
7200 | ||||
|
|
|
|
Ga | 5.19 (10.94) | 5.04 (11.51) | 0.6 (−23.1 to 24.3) |
|
|
|
|
Mi | 7.31 (11.55) | 6.38 (9.36) | −5.2 (−30.0 to 19.6) |
|
|
Recovery | |||||
|
|
|
10,800 | ||||
|
|
|
|
Ga | 5.43 (11.58) | 5.92 (13.48) | 2.2 (−22.4 to 26.9) |
|
|
|
|
Mi | 4.85 (8.46) | 5.05 (8.97) | 0.1 (−19.0 to 19.3) |
|
|
Total | |||||
|
|
|
43,220 | ||||
|
|
|
|
Ga | 4.6 (9.93) | 4.73 (10.49) | 0.5 (−20.9 to 21.9) |
|
|
|
|
Mi | 6.02 (11.39) | 6.04 (11.33) | −0.1 (−25.3 to 25.2) |
aGa: Garmin Vivosmart HR+.
bMi: Xiaomi Mi Band 2.