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. 2020 Apr 28;8(4):e17125. doi: 10.2196/17125

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©Louis Falissard, Claire Morgand, Sylvie Roussel, Claire Imbaud, Walid Ghosn, Karim Bounebache, Grégoire Rey. Originally published in JMIR Medical Informatics (http://medinform.jmir.org), 28.04.2020.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Medical Informatics, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://medinform.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

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The left-hand plot shows the evolution of opioid overdose−related deaths from 2000 to 2015 in France, either coded with Iris and human coders (orange) or with the proposed approach (blue). The 2012 gap, although still present, is much smoother when using predicted underlying causes. The right-hand plot shows the comparison with DRAMES (Décès en Relation avec l’Abus de Médicaments Et de Substances) data. The contradiction with the CépiDc (Centre d’épidémiologie sur les causes médicales de Décès) database is entirely corrected with the predicted causes.