Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants by treatment arms in the road to hierarchical diabetes management at primary care study.
| Characteristics | Control (xxxx) | Intervention (xxxx) | Standardized differences | |||||
| Region by economic development, n (%) | x.xxx | |||||||
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Developed | xxx (xx.x) | xxx (xx.x) |
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Less developed | xxx (xx.x) | xxx (xx.x) |
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| Locality, n (%) | x.xxx | |||||||
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Urban | xxx (xx.x) | xxx (xx.x) |
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Rural | xxx (xx.x) | xxx (xx.x) |
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| Demographics | ||||||||
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Age (years), mean (SD) | xx (xx) | xx (xx) | x.xxx | ||||
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Gender (male), n (%) | xxx (xx.x) | xxx (xx.x) | x.xxx | ||||
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BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | xxx (xxx) | xxx (xxx) | x.xxx | ||||
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Highest level of education, n (%) | x.xxx | ||||||
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Primary school or lower | xxx (xx.x) | xxx (xx.x) |
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Junior high school | xxx (xx.x) | xxx (xx.x) |
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Senior high school | xxx (xx.x) | xxx (xx.x) |
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Junior college and above | xxx (xx.x) | xxx (xx.x) |
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Annual income per capita (CNY), mean (SD) | xxx (xxx) | xxx (xxx) | x.xxx | ||||
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Health insurance coverage (Yes), n (%) | xxx (xx.x) | xxx (xx.x) | x.xxx | ||||
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Insurance reimbursement rates, n (%) | x.xxx | ||||||
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70%-100% | xxx (xx.x) | xxx (xx.x) |
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50%-70% | xxx (xx.x) | xxx (xx.x) |
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<50% | xxx (xx.x) | xxx (xx.x) |
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| Self-reported medical history and complications | ||||||||
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Duration of diabetes (years), median (Q1, Q3) | xxx (xxx, xxx) | xxx (xxx, xxx) | x.xxx | ||||
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Current smoker, n (%) | xxx (xx.x) | xxx (xx.x) | x.xxx | ||||
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Hypertension, n (%) | xxx (xx.x) | xxx (xx.x) | x.xxx | ||||
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Dyslipidemia, n (%) | xxx (xx.x) | xxx (xx.x) | x.xxx | ||||
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Diabetic nephropathy, n (%) | xxx (xx.x) | xxx (xx.x) | x.xxx | ||||
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Diabetic retinopathy, n (%) | xxx (xx.x) | xxx (xx.x) | x.xxx | ||||
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Peripheral neuropathy, n (%) | xxx (xx.x) | xxx (xx.x) | x.xxx | ||||
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Lower extremity, n (%) | xxx (xx.x) | xxx (xx.x) | x.xxx | ||||
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Macro-vascular, n (%) | xxx (xx.x) | xxx (xx.x) | x.xxx | ||||
| Lab characteristics | ||||||||
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HbA1ca (%), mean (SD) | x.xx (x.xx) | x.xx (x.xx) | x.xxx | ||||
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HbA1c<7%, n (%) | xxx (xx.x) | xxx (xx.x) | x.xxx | ||||
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FBGb (mmol/L), mean (SD) | x.xx (x.xx) | x.xx (x.xx) | x.xxx | ||||
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FBG<7.0 mmol/L, n (%) | xxx (xx.x) | xxx (xx.x) | x.xxx | ||||
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SBPc (mmHg), mean (SD) | xxx (x.xx) | xxx (x.xx) | x.xxx | ||||
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DBPd (mmHg), mean (SD) | xxx (x.xx) | xxx (x.xx) | x.xxx | ||||
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LDL-Ce (mmol/L), mean (SD) | x.xx (xxx) | x.xx (xxx) | x.xxx | ||||
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LDL-C<2.6 mmol/L, n (%) | xxx (xx.x) | xxx (xx.x) | x.xxx | ||||
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Serum creatinine (umol/L), median (Q1, Q3) | xxx (xxx, xxx) | xxx (xxx, xxx) | x.xxx | ||||
aHbA1c: glycated hemoglobin.
bFBG: fasting blood glucose.
cSBP: systolic blood pressure.
dDBP: diastolic blood pressure.
eLDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.