Table 1.
Sex-specific clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of a sample of adults (> 19 years) in rural South India
| Characteristic | Men n |
Mean (SD) or % | Women n |
Mean (SD) or % | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 0.10 | ||||
| 20–34 | 69 | 20.2 | 95 | 23.1 | |
| 35–49 | 115 | 33.6 | 147 | 35.7 | |
| 50–64 | 105 | 30.7 | 111 | 26.9 | |
| 65+ | 52 | 15.2 | 58 | 14.1 | |
| Height (cm) | 340 | 165 (7.0) | 407 | 154 (6.6) | < 0.001 |
| Stunting (men/women< 163.6/151.8 cm) | 120 | 35.3 | 129 | 31.7 | 0.26 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) (BMI) | 340 | 21.6 (3.91) | 406 | 22.0 (4.49) | 0.10 |
| BMI Categories | |||||
| Underweight (< 18.5) | 84 | 24.7 | 85 | 20.9 | |
| Normal weight (≥18.5 & < 23 kg/m) | 139 | 40.9 | 162 | 39.9 | |
| Overweight (≥23 and < 25 kg/m2) | 56 | 16.5 | 62 | 15.2 | |
| Obese class I (≥25 and < 30 kg/m2 | 55 | 16.2 | 77 | 19.0 | |
| Obese class II (≥30 kg/m2) | 6 | 1.8 | 20 | 4.9 | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 337 | 82 (11.3) | 407 | 78 (12.5) | < 0.001 |
| Abdominal obesity categories (waist circumference) | |||||
| Non-obese (men/women < 90/< 80 cm) | 252 | 74.8 | 236 | 58.0 | |
| Obese (men/women ≥90/≥80 cm) | 85 | 25.2 | 171 | 42.0 | |
| Hemoglobin (Hb) (g/dL) | 336 | 13.4 (2.48) | 407 | 11.5 (5.77) | < 0.001 |
| Anemia (Hb concentrations) | |||||
| No (men/women ≥130/≥120 g/dL) | 215 | 64.0 | 171 | 42.0 | |
| Mild anemia (men/women 110–129/110–119 g/dL) | 75 | 22.3 | 74 | 18.2 | |
| Moderate anemia (men/women 80–109/70–109 g/dL) | 37 | 11.0 | 148 | 36.4 | |
| Severe anemia (men/women < 80/< 70 g/dL) | 9 | 2.7 | 14 | 3.4 | |
| High blood pressure (SBP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg and/or treatment with blood pressure medication) | 105 | 31.1 | 117 | 28.8 | 0.51 |
| Glucose tolerance and diabetes | |||||
| Impaired fasting glucose (fasting CBG 6.1–6.9 mmol/L) | 8 | 2.4 | 17 | 4.2 | 0.17 |
| Impaired glucose tolerance (fasting CBG < 7 mmol/L and a 2-h post glucose CBG ≥8.9 mmol/L but < 12.2 mmol/L) | 17 | 5.0 | 24 | 5.9 | 0.60 |
| Diabetes (proof of previous diagnosis and/or fasting CBG ≥7 mmol/L and/or 2-h post prandial CBG value ≥12.2 mmol/L) | 47 | 13.8 | 48 | 11.7 | 0.40 |
| Education | < 0.001 | ||||
| Illiterate | 174 | 51.0 | 315 | 76.5 | |
| Literate, less than primary school | 94 | 27.6 | 48 | 11.7 | |
| Primary school | 59 | 17.3 | 46 | 11.2 | |
| Secondary/post-secondary school | 14 | 4.1 | 3 | 0.7 | |
| Wealth Index | < 0.001 | ||||
| Low | 108 | 31.7 | 200 | 48.5 | |
| Middle | 217 | 63.6 | 188 | 45.6 | |
| High | 16 | 4.7 | 24 | 5.8 | |
| Tobacco use | < 0.001 | ||||
| Current users | 173 | 51.3 | 279 | 68.9 | |
| Not current users | 164 | 48.7 | 126 | 31.1 | |
p-values are for differences in means or proportions of each characteristic between sexes using two-sided Student’s t-tests and Pearson chi-squared tests, respectively