Table 2.
Multivariate Logistic Regression Results of Receipt of PA Medical Advice Among U.S. Health Care–Utilizing Adults Aged ≥20 Years, and Stratified by Age Group, NHANES 2013–2016
| Characteristic | All, ≥20 years, AORa (95% CI) |
20–39 years, AORa (95% CI) |
40–59 years, AORa (95% CI) |
≥60 years, AORa (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health conditions | ||||
| Obesity | ||||
| Yes | 3.36 (2.85, 3.97) | 3.99 (3.18, 5.00) | 2.93 (2.23, 3.85) | 3.35 (2.50, 4.49) |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Hypertension | ||||
| Yes | 1.54 (1.31, 1.80) | 1.85 (1.28, 2.69) | 1.54 (1.14, 2.08) | 1.40 (1.13, 1.73) |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 2.03 (1.67, 2.48) | 3.18 (1.86, 5.44) | 2.47 (1.68, 3.64) | 1.64 (1.23, 2.20) |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | ||||
| Yes | 1.52 (1.26, 1.82) | 1.64 (1.11, 2.43) | 1.78 (1.39, 2.27) | 1.25 (0.97, 1.62) |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Low HDL cholesterol | ||||
| Yes | 1.34 (1.12, 1.62) | 1.46 (1.12, 1.90) | 1.24 (0.93, 2.27) | 1.31 (0.95, 1.82) |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Health behaviors | ||||
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Former | 1.23 (0.99, 1.54) | 1.61 (1.01, 2.56) | 1.28 (0.99, 1.65) | 0.98 (0.80, 1.21) |
| Current | 1.20 (1.02, 1.40) | 1.67 (1.22, 2.28) | 1.02 (0.80, 1.31) | 0.86 (0.56, 1.31) |
| Met physical activity guidelinesb | ||||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No | 1.28 (1.12, 1.45) | 1.23 (0.91, 1.67) | 1.36 (1.09, 1.70) | 1.23 (1.01, 1.51) |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age, years | ||||
| 20–39 | 1.00 | — | — | — |
| 40–59 | 1.24 (1.07, 1.43) | — | — | — |
| ≥60 | 1.08 (0.91, 1.28) | — | — | — |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 1.25 (1.09, 1.43) | 1.38 (1.10, 1.72) | 1.18 (0.93, 1.49) | 1.20 (0.97, 1.50) |
| Race/Hispanic origin | ||||
| Hispanic | 1.82 (1.48, 2.24) | 1.93 (1.49, 2.50) | 1.75 (1.25, 2.45) | 1.88 (1.49, 2.37) |
| Non-Hispanic white | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 1.22 (1.01, 1.47) | 1.10 (0.87, 1.39) | 1.28 (0.95, 1.76) | 1.33 (1.06, 1.67) |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 1.48 (1.21, 1.81) | 1.82 (1.38, 2.41) | 1.24 (0.87, 1.76) | 1.52 (1.08, 2.12) |
| Education level | ||||
| Less than high school | 0.75 (0.60, 0.94) | 0.79 (0.48, 1.29) | 0.75 (0.55, 1.04) | 0.73 (0.53, 1.01) |
| High school | 0.85 (0.73, 0.99) | 0.75 (0.50, 1.13) | 0.92 (0.73, 1.16) | 0.88 (0.65, 1.19) |
| Some college | 1.06 (0.89, 1.25) | 1.09 (0.80, 1.47) | 1.12 (0.82, 1.52) | 0.98 (0.69, 1.38) |
| College degree or higher | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Poverty statusc | ||||
| <130% | 0.84 (0.72, 0.99) | 0.75 (0.58, 0.98) | 0.96 (0.70, 1.32) | 0.85 (0.62, 1.17) |
| 130% to <350% | 1.00 (0.83, 1.21) | 0.75 (0.50, 1.13) | 0.98 (0.72, 1.35) | 1.07 (0.80, 1.43) |
| ≥350% | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Health insurance status | ||||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No | 0.73 (0.59, 0.90) | 0.65 (0.48, 0.88) | 0.84 (0.56, 1.27) | 0.61 (0.39, 0.96) |
Source: NHANES.
Note: Analytic sample includes non-pregnant adults aged 20 years or older who participated in both the interview and mobile examination center and reported seeing or talking to a healthcare professional in the previous year. Boldface indicates statistically significant values of p<0.05.
Each stratified model includes health conditions, health behaviors (smoking status and adherence to physical activity guidelines), and demographic characteristics (sex, race/Hispanic origin, educational level, poverty status, and health insurance status). Significant interaction terms observed for diabetes (p=0.016), hypercholesterolemia (p=0.026), and smoking status (p=0.026).
Calculated from the average minutes/week participants reported participating in moderate- or vigorous-intensity PA in a typical week for leisure, work, and transportation, where vigorous PA was doubled and added to moderate PA to compute an equivalent combination of moderate and vigorous PA. Minutes/week were categorized according to the 2008 National Physical Activity Guidelines, where meeting guidelines is ≥150 minutes/week.
Poverty status based on family income-to-poverty ratio.
HDL, high-density lipoprotein; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; PA, physical activity.