Table 2.
Patient characteristics of the included studies.
| Author | Age (year) mean ± SD | Gender (male/female) | BMI (kg/m2) mean ± SD | ASA (I + II/III + IV or mean ± SD) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOSES | CLAPS | NOSES | CLAPS | NOSES | CLAPS | NOSES | CLAPS | |
| Awad et al. | 66.9 ± 8.9 | 63.6 ± 9.08 | 0/20 | 0/20 | 25.1 ± 6.65 | 31.6 ± 8.33 | 4/16 | 5/15 |
| Hisada et al. | 63.7 ± 9 | 66.3 ± 11 | 12/8 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Hu et al. | 63.1 ± 8.3 | 61.5 ± 7.6 | 17/9 | 15/11 | 26.5 ± 4.7 | 26.4 ± 4.6 | 24/2 | 23/3 |
| Kim et al. | 62.8 ± 9.0 | 63.2 ± 10.7 | 0/58 | 0/58 | 23.5 ± 2.9 | 23.2 ± 3.3 | 52/6 | 50/8 |
| Leung et al. | 62 (51–86)∗ | 72 (49–84)∗ | 13/22 | 12/23 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Ng et al. | 65.14 ± 9.14 | 63.95 ± 9.19 | 20/15 | 22/16 | 22.64 ± 1.95 | 23.41 ± 1.60 | 2.4 ± 0.62 | 2.5 ± 0.47 |
| Park et al. | 61.0 ± 11.2 | 63.6 ± 11.6 | 0/34 | 0/34 | 23.9 ± 3.1 | 23.1 ± 2.7 | 30/4 | 28/6 |
| Zhang et al. | 56.1 ± 9.3 | 55.5 ± 9.5 | 32/33 | 57/75 | 23.7 ± 2.9 | 23.1 ± 3.1 | 60/5 | 116/16 |
Notes: NOSES, natural orifice specimen extraction surgery; CLAPS, conventional laparoscopic surgery; BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; NR, not recorded; SD, standard deviation. ∗Median (range).