Figure 4.

Effects of AVEE on HO-1 expression and the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. RAW264.7 cells were incubated with 100 μg/mL of AVEE for indicated times and HO-1 expression was examined by western blot analysis (a). RAW 264.7 cells were treated with various concentrations of AVEE (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) for 18 h CoPP (10 µM; a HO-1 inducer) was used as the positive control (b). Nrf2 expression levels of in cytoplasm (c) and nucleus (d) were assessed by Western blotting. Columns are the means ± SDs of independent experiments. ^#P < 0.05 and ^##P < 0.01 versus treatment naïve controls.