Table 3.
Comparison of Characteristics Between High and Low Opioid Use Patient Cohortsa
| Low Use (n = 36) | High Use (n = 35) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD | 41.7 ± 13.9 | 38.1 ± 12.2 | .310 |
| BMI, mean ± SD | 26.6 ± 4.7 | 26.4 ± 5.7 | .864 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 20 (55.6) | 13 (37.1) | .120 |
| Female | 16 (44.4) | 22 (62.9) | |
| Smoking | |||
| Nonsmoker | 34 (94.4) | 35 (100) | .157 |
| Current smoker | 2 (5.6) | 0 | |
| Alcohol use | |||
| <7 drinks/week | 32 (88.9) | 26 (74.3) | .112 |
| ≥7 drinks/week | 4 (11.1) | 9 (25.7) | |
| Marijuana use | |||
| None | 33 (91.7) | 31 (88.6) | .662 |
| Current use | 3 (8.3) | 4 (11.4) | |
| Surgery | |||
| Meniscal procedure | 28 (77.8) | 12 (34.3) | <.001 |
| ACLR | 8 (22.2) | 23 (65.7) | |
| Inpatient stay, d | |||
| 0 | 35 (97.2) | 32 (91.4) | .290 |
| 1 | 1 (2.8) | 3 (8.6) | |
| History of psychiatric disorder | |||
| No | 35 (97.2) | 28 (80.0) | .022 |
| Yes | 1 (2.8) | 7 (20.0) | |
| Type of opioid prescribed | |||
| Tramadol | 1 (2.8) | 1 (2.9) | .697 |
| Oxycodone | 23 (63.9) | 24 (68.5) | |
| Hydrocodone | 12 (33.3) | 9 (25.7) | |
| Hydromorphone | 0 | 1 (2.9) | |
| NSAID prescription | |||
| No | 5 (13.9) | 9 (25.7) | .211 |
| Yes | 31 (86.1) | 26 (74.3) | |
| Tylenol prescription | |||
| No | 32 (88.9) | 32 (91.4) | .720 |
| Yes | 4 (11.1) | 3 (8.6) | |
| Adductor blockb | |||
| Yes | 7 (87.5) | 17 (73.9) | .429 |
| No | 1 (12.5) | 6 (26.1) | |
aDefined as above or below the median use (3 oxycodone 5-mg pills, 22.5 OME). Data are expressed as n (%), unless otherwise indicated. ACLR, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; BMI, body mass index; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication.
bReported only for ACL patients.