This work is licensed under a Table 1.
Participant characteristics and the impact of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training on the two overweight groups of women.
| Parameter | LC | LP | OWC | OWP | OWC Pre-training | OWC Post-training | OWP Pre-training | OWP Post-training |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants per group (n) | 16 | 16 | 13 | 14 | 8 | 8 | ||
| Age (y) | 28 ± 6a | 26 ± 3ab | 35 ± 4 | 31 ± 6 | 35 ± 4 | 31 ± 6 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22 ± 2ab | 23 ± 2ab | 36 ± 5 | 37 ± 7 | 37 ± 6 | 36 ± 5 | 36 ± 6 | 36 ± 7 |
| WHR | 0.83 (5.9) | 0.84 (4.7) | 0.84 (12.1) | 0.85 (6.7) | ||||
| DXA | ||||||||
| Body fat (%) | 27 (28)ab | 30 (28)ab | 50 (11) | 47 (8) | 50 (12) | 48 (13) | 45 (8) | 45 (10) |
| Fat mass (kg) | 16.4 ± 5.0ab | 20.1 ± 6.7ab | 48.3 ± 10.6 | 46.3 ± 10.4 | 48 (30) | 46 (27)e | 42 (26) | 41 (30) |
| CT | ||||||||
| Abdominal SCF (cm2) | 185 ± 74ab | 229 ± 74ab | 571 ± 155 | 582 ± 174 | 528 (49) | 525 (52)e | 520 (34) | 498 (34) |
| Abdominal VF (cm2) | 32 ± 22ab | 35 ± 10ab | 117 ± 31 | 135 ± 58 | 120 (47) | 125 (49) | 123 (69) | 110 (77)f |
| Glucose homeostasis | ||||||||
| FBG (mmol/L) | 4.5 ± 0.3bc | 4.6 ±0.4 | 4.8 ± 0.3 | 5.0 ± 0.6 | 4.7 (3.8) | 4.8 (6.4) | 5.0 (10) | 5.0 (5.1) |
| FP insulin (pmol/L) | 5.0 ± 4.1ab | 4.5 ± 1.7 ab | 16.6 ± 6.0 b | 28.5 ± 12.8 | 17 (46)h | 18 (55) | 27 (59) | 21 (86)e |
| Clamp 30 min plasma insulin (pmol/L) | 59.1 ± 7.5ab | 58.2 ± 12.4ab | 84.7 ± 20 | 99.6 ± 34 | 83 (34) | 77 (25) | 91 (50) | 88 (73) |
| HOMA-IR | 0.9 (65)ab | 0.9 (44)ab | 3.3 (41)b | 5.8 (64) | 3.5 (47)h | 3.3 (56) | 6.1 (63) | 4.5 (92) |
| GIR (mg/min/m2) | 332 (29)abc | 270 (26)b | 250 (29)b | 131 (105) | 245 (57)h | 293 (36)e | 117 (141) | 170 (75)e |
| Lipid profiles | ||||||||
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.8 ± 0.6 | 4.9 ± 0.7 | 4.8 ± 0.8 | 4.9 ± 1.3 | 4.7 (29) | 4.9 (23) | 4.5 (33) | 4.4 (22) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.9 ± 0.7b | 0.7 ± 0.3b | 1.2 ± 0.6b | 1.6 ±1.0 | 1.0 (35) | 1.2 (42) | 1.2 (68) | 0.9 (67)e,g |
| LDL/HDL | 1.65 (38)ab | 1.61 (29)ab | 2.37 (24) | 3.27 (54) | 2.4 (31)i | 2.5 (42) | 3.2 (75) | 3.0 (51) |
| Androgens | ||||||||
| Testosterone (pmol/L) | 1.67 ± 0.46b | 2.14 ± 0.80 | 1.61 ± 0.79b | 2.66 ± 0.63 | 1.4 (48)h | 1.5 (86) | 2.6 (27) | 2.5 (53) |
| SHBG (mmol/L) | 78 ± 21ab | 72 ± 33ab | 45 ± 30 | 28 ± 2 | 44 (78)i | 47 (79) | 26 (32) | 29 (38) |
| FAI (%) | 2.2 (52)ab | 3.14 (82)b | 3.64 (101)b | 9.47 (51) | 3.1 (86)h | 3.3 (103) | 10.1 (39) | 8.6 (66) |
| Fitness | ||||||||
| VO2peak (mL/kg/min) | 38.7 (22)ab | 35.2 (22)ab | 24.9 (13) | 24.3 (30) | 25.7 (12.5) | 30.3 (11.3)d | 25.3 (29.6) | 31.1 (27.0)d |
| PCOS diagnosis | ||||||||
| NIH participants (n)j | 4 | 13 | 8 | |||||
| Rotterdam participants (n)k | 16 | 14 | 8 |
Data are from the subset of women included in this ancillary analysis (9, 28) and presented as mean ± s.d. or when data were log transformed they are presented as a back transformed mean (±s.d. as a CV%). Statistical differences are reported for between groups (LC, LP, OWC and OWP) after adjusting for age meeting both P < 0.05 and clear effects at the 99%CI: asignificantly different from overweight controls P ≤ 0.05; bsignificantly different from overweight PCOS P ≤ 0.05; csignificantly different from lean PCOS P ≤ 0.05. Statistical differences are reported for training sub-group: dsignificantly different from pre-training P ≤ 0.01; esignificantly different from pre-training P ≤ 0.05; fsignificantly different change between groups P ≤ 0.01; gtrend for difference from pre-training P < 0.1; hsignificantly different from PCOS (untrained values) P ≤ 0.01; isignificantly different from PCOS (untrained values) P ≤ 0.05; jnumber of participants in the group considered to meet NIH diagnostic criteria; knumber of participants in the group considered to meet Rotterdam diagnostic criteria.
BMI, body mass index; CT, computer tomography; DXA, dual x-ray absorptiometry; FAI, free androgen index; GIR-Clamp, glucose infusion rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model of insulin resistance (39); LC, lean control; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LP, lean PCOS; n/a, not applicable; OWC, overweight control; OWP, overweight PCOS; SCF, subcutaneous fat; SHBG, steroid hormone-binding globulin; VF, visceral fat; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio.