Table 11.

Performance comparison between calibration-free and calibration-based methods using the proposed model.

Input	Method	SBP (mmHg)				DBP (mmHg)
		RMSE	MAE	SD	${\mathbf{R}}^{\mathbf{2}}$	RMSE	MAE	SD	${\mathbf{R}}^{\mathbf{2}}$
ECG, PPG, BCG	Cal-based	5.42	4.06	4.04	0.52	4.3	3.33	3.42	0.49
	Cal-free	13.14	9.70	8.86	0.23	7.55	5.79	4.84	0.44