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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Can J Cardiol. 2020 Feb 12;36(5):671–682. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.02.066

Table 2 -.

Differential impact of insulin infusion on blood pressure regulation in humans and experimental animal models.

Model Effects
Humans
Lean

  • Increased SNS activity (acute)

  • Increased Na+ retention (acute)

  • Vasodilation

  • No change in BP (acute or chronic)
Obese

  • Increased SNS activity (acute)

  • Increased Na+ retention (acute)

  • Attenuated vasodilation (acute)

  • No increase in BP (acute or chronic)
Horses
Lean

  • No change in BP
Obese

  • No change in BP
Dogs
Lean

  • Increased Na+ retention (acute)

  • Vasodilation

  • No increase in BP (acute or chronic)
Obese

  • Increased Na+ retention (acute)

  • Attenuated vasodilation

  • No increase in BP (acute or chronic)
Rabbits
Lean

  • Increased SNS activity (acute)

  • No change in BP (acute)
Obese

  • Modest contribution to elevated BP
Rats
Lean

  • Increased SNS activity (acute)

  • No change in BP (acute)

  • Modest increase in BP (chronic)
Obese

  • Increased SNS activity (acute)

  • No change in BP (acute)

  • Modest increase in BP (chronic)

BP, blood pressure; Na+, sodium; SNS, sympathetic nervous system.