Table 3. Change in semen parameters from baseline to month 3.

Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or mean ± standard deviation (SD).

Parameters	Antioxidants	Placebo	P value for comparison of change between Antioxidants and Placebo groups*
Sperm concentration (million/ml)	−4.0 (−12.0, 5.7)^, n=82	2.4 (−9.0, 15.5), n=82	0.029
Normal morphology (%)	0 (−2.0, 1.0), n=55	0 (−2.0, 1.0), n=55	0.470
Total motility (%)	−1.6 ± 16.0, n=82	−1.1 ± 13.7, n=82	0.822
DNA fragmentation (SCSA, DNA fragmentation index) (%)	0.8 (−3.4, 3.8), n=65	0.2 (−5.7, 6.4), n=70	0.548
Total sperm count (million)	−10.6 (−32.5, 12.6)a, n=82	1.6 (−21.8, 42.9), n=82	0.021
Total motile sperm count (million)	−4.0 (−13.2, 9.9), n=82	1.5 (−11.8, 15.4), n=82	0.043

^*Student’s t test or Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test was used.

^{^}Significant change (p<0.05) from baseline to month 3.