. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 28.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Apr 28;75(16):1956–1974. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.02.056

TABLE 2.

DPP4i Cardiovascular Outcome Trials

	SAVOR TIMI 53 Saxaglipitin (n = 16,492)	EXAMINE Alogliptin (n = 5,380)	TECOS Sitagliptin (n = 14,523)	CARMELINA Linagliptin (n = 6,979)	CAROLINA Linagliptin vs. Glimepiride (n = 6,033)
Median follow-up, yrs	2.1	1.5	3.0	2.2	5.9
Mean age, yrs	65	61	65	66	64
Female, %	33	32	29	37	40
BMI, kg/m²	31.2	28.7	30.2	31.4	30.1
HbA1c, %	8.0	8.0	7.2	8.0	7.2
Baseline metformin, %	69	NA	81	54	83
Baseline eGFR^*	73	71	75	55	77
eGFR^* <60 ml/min, %	< 50 ml/min: 16	29	NR	62	19
Prior CVD, %	78	100	100	57	42
Prior HF, %	13	28	18	27	4
3P-MACE	1.00 (0.89–1.12)	0.96 (≤1.16)	0.98 (0.89–1.08)	1.02 (0.89–1.17)	0.98 (0.84–1.13)
CV death	1.03 (0.87–1.22)	0.85 (0.66–1.10)	1.03 (0.89–1.19)	0.96 (0.81–1.14)	1.00 (0.81–1.24)
Non-fatal MI	0.95 (0.80–1.12)	1.08 (0.88–1.33)	0.95 (0.81–1.11)	1.12 (0.90–1.40)	1.01 (0.80–1.28)
Non-fatal stroke	1.11 (0.88–1.39)	0.95 (≤ 1.14)	0.97 (0.79–1.19)	0.91 (0.67–1.23)	0.86 (0.66–1.12)
CV death or HHF	NR	1.00 (0.82–1.20)	1.02 (0.90–1.15)	NR	1.00 (0.84–1.20)
All-cause mortality	1.11 (0.96–1.27)	0.88 (0.71–1.09)	1.01 (0.90–1.14)	0.98 (0.84–1.13)	0.91 (0.78–1.06)
HHF	1.27 (1.07–1.51)	1.07 (0.79–1.46)	1.00 (0.83–1.20)	0.90 (0.74–1.08)	1.21 (0.92–1.59)
Renal events^†	1.08 (0.88–1.3)	NR	NR	1.04 (0.89–1.22)	NR

Values are hazard ratio (confidence interval) unless otherwise indicated.

eGFR units ml/min/1.73 m².

^†

Definition varied across trials.

3P-MACE = 3-point major adverse cardiac events; BMI = body mass index; CARMALINA = ■■■; CAROLINA = ■■■; CV = cardiovascular; CVD = cardiovascular disease; DPP4i = dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; EXAMINE = ■■■; Hb1Ac = glycolated hemoglobin; HF = heart failure; HHF = ■■■; NR = not reached; SAVOR TIMI 53 = ■■■; TECOS = ■■■.