Table 2:

Induction of hyperandrogenemic maternal hormone milieu by developmental insults.

Maternal Insult	Maternal Androgen Milieu
Disease State PCOS Virilizing CAH Gestational diabetes Preeclampsia	Sir-Petermann et al, 2002 Parsa and New, 2017 Morisset et al, 2013 Acromite et al, 1999
Undernutrition	Mossa et al, 2019
Overnutrition	Pasquali and Oriolo, 2019 Maliqueo et al, 2017 Arnon et al, 2016 Whyte et al, 2007
Stress	Barrett and Swan, 2015
EDC - Bisphenol A	Rutkowska and Rachon, 2014 Takeuchi et al, 2004
EDC - Phthalates	Sathyanarayana et al, 2017

PCOS = polycystic ovary syndrome; CAH = congenital adrenal hyperplasia; EDC = endocrine-disrupting chemical