Table 1.
Sample Characteristics
| All (N=1205) | Normal (N=120) | Elevated (N=95) | Stage 1 HTN (N=311) | Stage 2 HTN (N=679) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic variables | ||||||
| Women, n (%) | 739 (61) | 72 (60) | 60 (63) | 176 (57) | 431 (63) | 0.214 |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 64 (8) | 61 (9) | 64 (8) | 63 (9) | 65 (8) | <.0001 |
| Age categories, n (%) | ||||||
| <65 years old | 659 (55) | 84 (70) | 49 (52) | 189 (61) | 337 (50) | <.0001 |
| 65+ years old | 546 (45) | 36 (30) | 46 (48) | 122 (39) | 342 (50) | |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 173 (14) | 26 (22) | 23 (24) | 37 (12) | 87 (13) | 0.0006 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 209 (17) | 18 (15) | 15 (16) | 47 (15) | 129 (19) | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 797 (66) | 69 (58) | 54 (57) | 221 (71) | 453 (67) | |
| Other | 26 (2) | 7 (6) | 3 (3) | 6 (2) | 10 (1) | |
| Years between Baseline and MRI, mean (SD) | 6 (3) | 5 (4) | 5 (3) | 6 (4) | 7 (3) | <.0001 |
| Clinical variables | ||||||
| Systolic blood pressure (SBP), mmHg, mean (SD) | 140 (20) | 110 (6) | 123 (3) | 129 (7) | 152 (16) | <.0001 |
| SBP categories | ||||||
| <120 mmHg, n (%) | 141 (12) | 120 (100) | 0 (0) | 17 (5) | 4 (1) | <.0001 |
| 120–129 mmHg, n (%) | 212 (18) | 0 (0) | 95 (100) | 95 (31) | 22 (3) | |
| 130–139 mmHg, n (%) | 266 (22) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 199 (64) | 67 (10) | |
| 140+ mmHg, n (%) | 586 (49) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 586 (86) | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mmHg, mean (SD) | 83 (11) | 69 (6) | 72 (5) | 80 (5) | 88 (10) | <.0001 |
| DBP categories | ||||||
| <80 mmHg, n (%) | 390 (32) | 120 (100) | 95 (100) | 78 (25) | 97 (14) | <.0001 |
| 80–90 mmHg, n (%) | 441 (37) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 223 (75) | 208 (31) | |
| 90+ mmHg, n (%) | 374 (31) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 374 (55) | |
| Pulse pressure, mmHg, mean (SD) | 57 (16) | 41 (6) | 51 (6) | 49 (9) | 64 (17) | <.0001 |
| Mean arterial pressure, mmHg, mean (SD) | 102 (12) | 83 (5) | 89 (3) | 96 (4) | 109 (9) | <.0001 |
| Anti-hypertensive medication use, n (%) | 490 (41) | 18 (15) | 22 (23) | 90 (29) | 360 (53) | <.0001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 28 (5) | 26 (5) | 27 (4) | 28 (5) | 29 (5) | <.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 230 (19) | 17 (14) | 13 (14) | 52 (17) | 148 (22) | 0.045 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 781 (65) | 79 (66) | 56 (59) | 204 (66) | 442 (65) | 0.661 |
| Health behaviors | ||||||
| Smoking status, n (%) | ||||||
| Current | 182 (15) | 23 (19) | 12 (13) | 52 (17) | 95 (14) | 0.065 |
| Former | 450 (37) | 56 (47) | 38 (40) | 113 (36) | 243 (36) | |
| Never | 573 (48) | 41 (34) | 45 (47) | 146 (47) | 341 (50) | |
| Any physical activity, n (%) | 654 (55) | 78 (67) | 50 (53) | 156 (51) | 370 (55) | 0.033 |
| Moderate alcohol consumption, n (%) | 489 (41) | 58 (48) | 42 (44) | 133 (43) | 256 (38) | 0.091 |
| Brain MRI variables | ||||||
| Total intracranial volume, mL, mean (SD) | 1151 (122) | 1181 (124) | 1161 (134) | 1157 (116) | 1141 (121) | 0.004 |
| Total WMHV, mL, median (q1, q3) | 4 (2, 9) | 3 (2, 6) | 3 (2, 6) | 3 (2, 7) | 5 (3, 10) | <.0001 |
HTN=hypertension. P-values obtained from chi-squared tests for categorical variables, one-way ANOVAs for normally distributed variables, and Kruskal-Wallis tests for non-normally distributed variables.