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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 13.
Published in final edited form as: Curr HIV Res. 2017;15(6):411–421. doi: 10.2174/1570162X15666171120110145

Table 2.

Efflux transporters involved in commercial NRTIs elimination.

NRTI Drug Brand Name, Company FDA Approval Year Type of Efflux Transporter References
Lamivudine (3TC) Epivir, GlaxoSmithKline 1995 BCRP [65–67]
Emtricitabine (FTC) Emtriva, Gilead Sciences 2003 MRP1 [65, 66, 68]
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) Viread, Gilead Sciences 2001 PgP [32, 66, 69]
Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) Vemlidy, Gilead Sciences 2015 MRP4 [70,71]
Abacavir (ABC) Ziagen, GlaxoSmithKline 1998 Pgp, MRP4, BCRP [67,72,73]
Zidovudine (AZT) Retrovir, GlaxoSmithKline 1987 MRP4, BCRP [67, 73–75]
Didanosine (ddl) Videx EC (capsule), Bristol Myers-Squibb 1991 BCRP [65, 67]
Stavudine (d4T) Zerit, Bristol Myers-Squibb 1994 BCRP, MRP5 [65,67,76]

BCRP, breast cancer resistance protein transporter; MRP, multidrug resistance-associated protein transporter; Pgp, P-glycoprotein transporter.