Table 1. Selected AMPs and anti-Plasmodium peptides for transgenic expression in the genetically modified mosquitoes.
| Effectors | Characterization | Parasite stage(s) |
Function or mechanism |
Expression method |
Inhibition (%) | Reference |
| Melittin | Bee antimicrobial peptides |
Ookinete | Lysis of parasites | Synthesized | 100.0% | (27) |
| TP10 dimer | Wasp antimicrobial peptides |
Ookinete | Lysis of parasites | Synthesized | 100.0% | (25–27) |
| Shiva1 | Cecropin-like synthetic peptide |
Gametes Ookinete | Lysis of parasites | Para-transgenesis | 94.3% | (27) |
| EPIP four repeats | Enolase- plasminogen interaction peptide |
Ookinete | Block midgut invasion |
Para-transgenesis | 97.7% | (20) |
| Scorpine | Scorpion venom | Gametogenesis Ookinete |
Cecropin and defensin-like lytic peptide |
Para-transgenesis | 97.8% | (23) |