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. 2019 Jun 20;11(3):588–602. doi: 10.14336/AD.2019.0620

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Copyright: © 2020 Ban et al.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Figure 3. — Effects of linagliptin on DPP-4 levels in renal tissues and serum DPP-4 activity. (A) Representative images of immunohistochemical staining for DPP-4 showing positively stained areas in the renal tissue. (B) The DPP-4-positive area was markedly decreased in the AM + LIN group compared with the AM group (‡p < 0.001). (C) Representative western blots showing DPP-4 levels in the renal tissue. (D) Lower levels of the DPP-4 protein were detected in the AM + LIN group than in the AM group (p < 0.05) (E) Lower DPP-4 activity was observed in the AM + LIN group than in the AM group (p < 0.05). (F) The serum DPP-4 activity was increased in the AM group compared with the YM group (p < 0.001), but it was not different between the AM group and the AM + LIN group. (*p < 0.05 and ‡p < 0.001).