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. 2019 Jun 13;11(3):629–641. doi: 10.14336/AD.2019.0613

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Lactulose inhibited OVX-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines. (A) Levels of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, RANKL, and IL-17 and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the small intestine of Sham, OVX and OVX mice treated with lactulose. (B) Immunofluorescent analysis of Foxp3+ cells in the intestine from Sham, OVX and OVX mice treated with lactulose small. Scale bar: 20 μm. (C) Calculation of Foxp3+ cells/Area. n = 5 mice per group in all panels. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 compared with the corresponding group.