Table 1.

Comparison of shared decision-making instruments by measurement properties and integrative model elements

Instrument characteristics	CollaboRATE [11–13]	COMRADE [14]	DEEP-SDM [15]	Individual care [16]	Informed decision-making tool [17]	MAPPIN’SDM [18,19]	OPTION5 [20–22]	OPTION/OPTION revised [7,23,24]	OPTION (dyadic) [25,26]	OPTION12 [21,22,27]	PACIC [28]	PICS [29]	SDM MASS [30]	SDM-Q [31]	SDM-Q-9 [11,32–34]	SDM Q-Doc [35]
Instrument perspective	P	P	O	P	O	C P O	O	O	C P	O	P	P	C P O	P	P	C
Number of items	3	20	-	37	9	11	5	18	12	12	20	25	15	15	9	9
Internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha)	0.9			0.96		0.87	0.79	0.68	0.9	0.68	0.94	0.73	0.87	0.77	0.94	0.91
Construct validity		√		√				√		√	√	√			√	√
Makoul’s integrative SDM model [8]
1.Essential SDM elements
Define/explain problem	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√
Present options		√	√		√	√	√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√
Discuss pros/cons		√	√		√	√	√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√
Patient values/preferences	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
Discuss patient ability/self-efficacy		√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
Doctor knowledge/recommendations		√	√		√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
Check/clarify understanding	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√
Make or explicitly defer decision		√			√	√	√	√	√	√			√	√	√	√
Arrange follow-up	√		√			√		√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√
2. Ideal SDM elements
Unbiased information		√	√				√				√
Define roles			√	√	√	√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√	√
Present evidence	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
Mutual agreement		√			√		√	√	√	√		√		√	√	√
3. General SDM qualities
Deliberation/negotiation				√	√		√	√	√	√		√		√	√	√
Flexibility/individualized approach	√	√	√		√		√	√	√	√	√	√		√	√	√
Information exchange	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
Involves at least two people	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√
Middle ground		√					√	√		√		√		√	√	√
Mutual respect							√	√	√	√		√		√	√	√
Partnership		√	√		√		√	√		√		√		√	√	√
Patient education		√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
Patient participation	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
Process/stages	√		√				√	√	√	√	√	√		√	√	√
Total elements	9	18	18	8	18	15	22	22	20	21	12	20	15	22	22	22

Abbreviations: SDM, shared decision-making; C, clinician reported; P, patient reported; O, observer reported; COSMIN, Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments.

Reprinted with permission [8].