Table 2.

Comparison of Automatic Performance Metric (APM) Profile between Group A and B (Comparison 1)

APMs	Group A	Group B	p value
	n=46	n=53
	Median (IQR)	Median (IQR)
Console time, min	120 (101–153)	137 (119–161)	0.022*
Dominant instrument
Moving time, min	100 (81–117)	117 (103–136)	0.003*
Velocity, cm/s	1.9 (1.7–2.0)	1.7 (1.6–1.8)	0.003*
Articulation, rad/min	53.2 (49.6–61.6)	46.5 (41.3–51.4)	<0.001*
Non-dominant instrument
Moving time, min	102 (81–119)	123 (106–140)	<0.001*
Velocity, cm/s	1.1 (1.0–1.2)	1.0 (0.9–1.1)	0.084
Articulation, rad/min	29.7 (26.0–40.5)	24.1 (22.5–27.8)	<0.001*
Other
Camera movement time, min	5.8 (4.7–8.3)	7.1 (6.3–8.4)	0.018*
Third instrument usage count	319 (167–750)	358 (306–438)	0.029*

Group A: attending surgeon performed at least all cardinal steps of prostatectomy

Group B: trainee performed at least one cardinal step of prostatectomy

^*denotes p < 0.05