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. 2020 May 13;10:7901. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64788-6

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schistosoma mansoni DNA recognition and STING activation in murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). (a) Confocal microscopy of C57BL/6 (WT) MEFs stained with anti-STING (red) and DAPI (4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) (blue), transfected with Fugene only (NI) or transfected with 3 μg/mL of S. mansoni DNA or 3 μg/mL of STING-activating dsDNA (dsDNA90 base pairs) for 6 hours. (b) Quantitative reverse transcriptase–PCR (qRT–PCR) analysis of interferon-β (IFN-β) mRNA in WT and cGAS-/- and Sting^−/− MEFs transfected with Fugene only (NI, n = 3) or transfected with 3 μg/mL of S. mansoni DNA (n = 3) for 6 hours. NI represents transfected MEFs with Fugene only. (***) and (**) are used to demonstrate statistical differences with p < 0.001 and p < 0.01 compared to the WT MEFs, respectively. Two-Way ANOVA with Bonferroni adjustments were included for multiple comparisons.