Table 1. The primers in RT-PCR of this study.

Gene	Forward	Reverse
Atg3	5′-ATGAGCAACGGCAGCCTTTA-3′	5′-ATCACTTCAGCATGCCTGCA-3′
Atg13	5′-ATTTCAGAACCCCCCTCAGC-3′	5′-TCATGCACAGCCAGCTTCTC-3′
Atg4a	5′-AAACCCCTGCTGCTCATTGT-3′	5′-GCCCCTAAAGACTGTGGCAT-3′
GAPDH	5′-GGCAAATTCAACGGCACAGT-3′	5′-ACGACATACTCAGCACCGGC-3′

GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; RT-PCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.