Table 1. Clinical characteristics of the study groups.
| Normal (n = 50) | CAD (n = 50) | CAE (n = 40) | p value | |
| Age (years) | 58.06 ± 9.51 | 62.08 ± 8.29 | 61.28 ± 8.46 | 0.510 |
| Gender (M), n (%) | 15 (21.4%) | 29 (41.4%) | 26 (37.1%) | 0.002 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.02 ± 1.63 | 25.50 ± 2.38 | 25.17 ± 1.48 | 0.232 |
| DM, n (%) | 11 (26.2%) | 19 (45.2%) | 12 (28.6%) | 0.201 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 30 (33.3%) | 32 (35.6%) | 28 (32.1%) | 0.615 |
| Alcohol, n (%) | 18 (33.3%) | 19 (35.2%) | 17 (31.5%) | 0.156 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 16 (33.3%) | 17 (35.4%) | 15 (31.3%) | 0.860 |
| Family history of CAD, n (%) | 14 (32.6%) | 19 (44.2%) | 10 (23.3%) | 0.126 |
| Previous medications | ||||
| Aspirin, n (%) | 18 (28.6%) | 23 (36.5%) | 22 (34.9%) | 0.195 |
| b-blocker, n (%) | 32 (35.2%) | 36 (39.6%) | 23 (25.3%) | 0.352 |
| CCB, n (%) | 12 (28.6%) | 16 (38.1%) | 14 (33.3%) | 0.490 |
| ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 26 (36.6%) | 21 (29.6%) | 24 (33.8%) | 0.231 |
| Statin, n (%) | ||||
| Hypoglycemic agents, n (%) | 8 (28.6%) | 11 (39.3%) | 9 (32.4%) | 0.677 |
ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CCB, calcium channel blockers; DM, diabetes mellitus.