What is Known: • Proportional assist ventilation (PAV) and neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) can improve the oxygenation index (OI) in prematurely born infants. • Both PAV and NAVA can provide support proportional to respiratory drive or demand throughout the respiratory cycle.

What is New: • In infants with evolving or established BPD, using capillary blood samples, both PAV and NAVA compared to baseline ventilation resulted in improvement in the “OI”, but there was no significant difference in the “OI” on PAV compared to NAVA. • The “alveolar-arterial” oxygen gradient was better on NAVA compared to PAV.