Table 1.
Demographics of the sample stratified by adverse drug reaction status
| Category | Level | All | Experienced ADR | Did not experience ADR | Chi square p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n, % | n, % | n, % | |||
| All | All | 5228 (100.00) | 1226 (23.45) | 4002 (76.55) | NA |
| Gender | Male | 2623 (50.17) | 593 (48.37) | 2030 (50.72) | 0.8034 |
| Female | 2605 (49.83) | 633 (51.63) | 1972 (49.28) | ||
| Age group | 18–36 | 2626 (50.23) | 590 (48.12) | 2036 (50.87) | < 0.0001 |
| 37–56 | 1961 (37.51) | 508 (41.44) | 1453 (36.31) | ||
| 57+ | 641 (12.26) | 128 (10.44) | 513 (12.82) | ||
| Highest level of education | Less than HS | 1509 (28.86) | 292 (23.82) | 1217 (30.41) | < 0.0001 |
| HS graduate | 946 (18.09) | 250 (20.39) | 696 (17.39) | ||
| College degree | 2003 (38.31) | 562 (45.84) | 1441 (36.01) | ||
| Postgraduate | 252 (4.82) | 60 (4.89) | 192 (4.80) | ||
| Unknown | 518 (9.91) | 62 (5.06) | 456 (11.39) | ||
| Chronic disease | High blood pressure | 749 (14) | 227 (19) | 522 (13) | < 0.0001 |
| High cholesterol | 568 (11) | 173 (14) | 395 (10) | < 0.0001 | |
| Diabetes | 732 (14) | 203 (17) | 529 (13) | 0.0037 | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 288 (6) | 56 (5) | 232 (6) | 0.1143 | |
| Chronic lung disease—asthma and emphysema | 311 (6) | 52 (4) | 259 (6) | 0.0048 | |
| Osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis | 422 (8) | 102 (8) | 320 (8) | 0.7610 | |
| Depression or anxiety disorder | 342 (7) | 76 (6) | 266 (7) | 0.6251 | |
| Cancer | 47 (1) | 10 (1) | 37 (1) | 0.8568 | |
| Kidney disease | 165 (3) | 24 (2) | 141 (4) | 0.0080 | |
| Thyroid disease | 236 (5) | 52 (4) | 184 (5) | 0.6548 | |
| Gastrointestinal diseases | 454 (9) | 133 (11) | 321 (8) | 0.0025 | |
| Other chronic disease | 118 (2) | 16 (1) | 102 (3) | 0.0140 | |
| Had never been diagnosed with chronic disease | 1716 (33) | 362 (30) | 1354 (34) | 0.0009 | |
| Number of comorbidities reported | Zero | 1688 (32) | 348 (28) | 1340 (33) | 0.0026 |
| One | 2943 (56) | 711 (58) | 2232 (56) | ||
| Two | 398 (8) | 116 (9) | 282 (7) | ||
| Three | 142 (3) | 35 (3) | 107 (3) | ||
| Four or more | 57 (1) | 16 (1) | 41 (1) |
ADR adverse drug reaction, HS high school. College degree corresponds to a two-year diploma or bachelor’s degree. Postgraduate corresponds to a master’s degree or a doctorate. NA not applicable