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. 2020 May 7;8:327. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00327

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Copyright © 2020 Cho, Chiang, Hsieh, Yang, Hsu, Yeh, Huang and Huang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) The comparison of the hanging drop formation success rate using five different combinations of the holding layers: U_0.25, U_0.25/L_0.1, U_0.25/L_0.25, U_0.1/L_0.1, U_0.1/L_0.25. The flow rate of air withdrawal was set to 0.9 mL/min. (B) The comparison of the success rate for different flow rates. The design of the holding layer was U_0.25/L_0.1. (C) The processing time of hanging drop formation when using various flow rates. All results were repeated three times (N = 3). (D) The internal pressure of the air chamber during operation of the PANDA system at different holding conditions: sealed holding layer (blue line), without holding layer (red line), and U_0.25/L_0.1 design of the holding layer (black line). The flow rate of air withdrawal was set to 0.9 mL/min.