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. 2020 May 7;8:327. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00327

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Copyright © 2020 Cho, Chiang, Hsieh, Yang, Hsu, Yeh, Huang and Huang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Representative fluorescence images of 3D kidney microtissues comprised of podocyte (green) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs; red) fabricated using a PANDA chip. The microtissues were formed within 24 h. (B) The diameters of the formed 3D microtissues after 1 day of culture (*P < 0.05; ****P < 0.001; N = 20). (C) The diameters of the formed 3D microtissues cultured on different days (****P < 0.001. N = 20). (D) Representative fluorescence images of 3D kidney microtissues cultivated for various periods. (E) Confocal images of live (green) and dead (red) cells. All scale bars represent 200 μm.