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. 2020 May 7;11:398. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00398

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Copyright © 2020 Pardridge.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A, low magnification) and (B, high magnification) are cytocentrifuged bovine brain microvessels immune-stained with a mouse monoclonal antibody directed against the amino terminal decapeptide of alpha-actin. Only pre-capillary arteriolar smooth muscle cells are immune-positive and capillary pericytes (arrow, panel B) are immune-negative. Panels (A,B) reprinted by permission from Boado and Pardridge (1994). Panels (C–E) are cyto-centrifuged human brain microvessels immune-stained with a mouse monoclonal antibody against the human class II DR antigen. Panel (C) shows microvessels from non-multiple sclerosis (MS) human brain, and panels (D,E) are microvessels isolated from white matter of MS brain. In non-MS human brain, DR immunoreactivity is confined to pre-capillary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (panel C), whereas in MS brain (panels D,E), DR immunoreactivity is observed in capillary pericytes (arrow, panel E). Panels (C–E) reprinted by permission from Pardridge et al. (1989). All slides lightly counter-stained with hematoxylin. Magnifications in panels (A,C) are 50X, in panels (B,E) are 500X, and in panel (D) is 200X.