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. 2020 May 7;11:480. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00480

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Copyright © 2020 Stewart, Adams, Escobar, López-Pozo and Demmig-Adams.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Chlorophyll a/b ratio (squares) and zeaxanthin per chlorophyll (Chl; circles), (B) total carotenoids (sum of V, A, Z, lutein, β-carotene, and neoxanthin; squares) and xanthophyll cycle pool (V + A + Z; circles) per chlorophyll, and (C) lutein (squares) and β-carotene (circles) per chlorophyll in L. gibba as a function of growth PPFD. A, antheraxanthin; V, violaxanthin; Z, zeaxanthin. Mean values ± standard deviations, n = 3 for all growth PPFDs; different lower-case letters signify statistical differences at P < 0.05 via one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey–Kramer HSD test (n.s., not significantly different).