FIGURE 4.

Response of hemolysin genes to temperature, iron stress and diet changes in mosquitoes. (A) Effects of iron and temperature on hemolysin gene expression by E. anophelis in vitro. The high or low temperature was 37 or 22°C, respectively. High-iron medium was established with 12 μM of iron (final concentration), while the low iron medium was established with 200 mM of 2,2-dipyridyl (final concentration). Values are means ± standard deviation. (B) Comparison of hemolysin gene expression in E. anophelis when mosquitoes were fed sugar and blood meals. A. stephensi were fed with 10% sucrose supplemented with E. anophelis for 24 h (NanoLuc reporter strain). For blood meals, mosquitoes were fed bovine blood through a membrane. Values are means ± standard deviation. (C) Density of E. anophelis in mosquitoes given a blood meal or sugar meal. Cell growth was expressed relative to that measured with sugar meal as 100%. Values are means ± standard deviation. Differences were significant at P < 0.05.