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. 2020 Mar 11;29(4):1030–1048. doi: 10.1177/0962280220907625

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© The Author(s) 2020

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 3. — Bias in latent trait estimates for the GRM and ZIM-GRM per level of number of items and zero-inflation for a sample size of 500. GRM: graded response model; ZIM-GRM: zero-inflated mixture graded response model.