Table 3.

Bias of GRM estimates of latent trait scores averaged in the zero-inflation conditions.

			True latent trait values
Respondents	Items	Zero-inflation	$-2.5\le \theta <-1.5$	$-1.5\le \theta <-0.5$	$-0.5\le \theta \le 0.5$	$0.5<\theta \le 1.5$	$1.5<\theta \le 2.5$
500	5	0%	0.08	0.03	−0.02	0.06	−0.12
		10%	0.99	0.55	0.23	−0.08	−0.48
		25%	1.66	1.06	0.51	−0.05	−0.66
	25	0%	−0.07	0.00	−0.01	0.00	0.01
		10%	1.12	0.72	0.27	−0.17	−0.59
		25%	1.87	1.22	0.54	−0.15	−0.79
	50	0%	−0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00
		10%	1.27	0.79	0.28	−0.22	−0.70
1000	5	25%	2.00	1.30	0.59	−0.13	−0.81
		0%	0.06	0.00	0.01	−0.02	−0.09
		10%	1.00	0.56	0.23	−0.06	−0.49
		25%	1.67	1.07	0.50	−0.06	−0.62
	25	0%	−0.04	−0.01	0.02	−0.01	0.02
		10%	1.13	0.70	0.27	−0.17	−0.57
		25%	1.85	1.22	0.53	−0.15	−0.78
	50	0%	−0.02	0.00	0.00	−0.01	0.00
		10%	1.26	0.78	0.29	−0.21	−0.68
		25%	1.98	1.30	0.58	−0.13	−0.82