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. 2019 May 30;29(4):1081–1111. doi: 10.1177/0962280219851817

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Vimaleswaran et al.8 explored the causal direction of the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and 25-hydroxivitamin D [25(OH)D] via bidirectional Mendelian randomization. They concluded that higher BMI leads to lower vitamin D levels and not the other way around.