Figure 8.

Graphical description of our assumed generative model. We denote the exposure variable by X and the outcome variable by Y. We are interested in the causal effect from X to Y, which is denoted by β. The association between X and Y is obfuscated by the unobserved variable U, which we use to model unmeasured confounding explicitly. The shaded plate indicates replication across the J independent genetic variants $G_j,j\in \{1,2,\dots ,J\}$. Note that the replication also applies to the parameters ${\gamma }_j$ and ${\alpha }_j$ and their corresponding edges.