Table 2. Unadjusted Prevalence of Alcohol Consumption Levels by Medical Conditions Among Patients Screened at Kaiser Permanente Northern California From 2014 to 2017.
| Conditiona | No. (%) | P valuee | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Totalb | Alcohol consumption levelc,d | ||||||
| No reported use | Low-risk use | Exceeding daily limits | Exceeding weekly limits | Exceeding both limits | |||
| Arthritis | |||||||
| Yes | 35 883 (1.3) | 26 836 (74.8) | 6598 (18.4) | 902 (2.5) | 1132 (3.2) | 415 (1.2) | <.001 |
| No | 2 684 348 (98.7) | 1 831 968 (68.2) | 585 450 (21.8) | 164 679 (6.1) | 61 217 (2.3) | 41 034 (1.5) | |
| Asthma | |||||||
| Yes | 256 681 (9.4) | 186 479 (72.7) | 48 691 (19.0) | 12 933 (5.0) | 5269 (2.1) | 3309 (1.3) | <.001 |
| No | 2 463 550 (90.6) | 1 672 325 (67.9) | 543 357 (22.1) | 152 648 (6.2) | 57 080 (2.3) | 38 140 (1.5) | |
| Atherosclerosis | |||||||
| Yes | 210 702 (7.7) | 164 968 (78.3) | 33 235 (15.8) | 2988 (1.4) | 7089 (3.4) | 2422 (1.1) | <.001 |
| No | 2 509 529 (92.3) | 1 693 836 (67.5) | 558 813 (22.3) | 162 593 (6.5) | 55 260 (2.2) | 39 027 (1.6) | |
| Atrial fibrillation | |||||||
| Yes | 48 873 (1.8) | 36 990 (75.7) | 8611 (17.6) | 750 (1.5) | 1885 (3.9) | 637 (1.3) | <.001 |
| No | 2 671 358 (98.2) | 1 821 814 (68.2) | 583 437 (21.8) | 164 831 (6.2) | 60 464 (2.3) | 40 812 (1.5) | |
| Cancer | |||||||
| Yes | 125 655 (4.6) | 90 068 (71.7) | 26 094 (20.8) | 2866 (2.3) | 4975 (4.0) | 1652 (1.3) | <.001 |
| No | 2 594 576 (95.4) | 1 768 736 (68.2) | 565 954 (21.8) | 162 715 (6.3) | 57 374 (2.2) | 39 797 (1.5) | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | |||||||
| Yes | 9732 (0.4) | 8053 (82.7) | 1239 (12.7) | 126 (1.3) | 231 (2.4) | 83 (0.9) | <.001 |
| No | 2 710 499 (99.6) | 1 850 751 (68.3) | 590 809 (21.8) | 165 455 (6.1) | 62 118 (2.3) | 41 366 (1.5) | |
| Chronic kidney disease | |||||||
| Yes | 131 355 (4.8) | 108 504 (82.6) | 17 176 (13.1) | 1674 (1.3) | 3084 (2.3) | 917 (0.7) | <.001 |
| No | 2 588 876 (95.2) | 1 750 300 (67.6) | 574 872 (22.2) | 163 907 (6.3) | 59 265 (2.3) | 40 532 (1.6) | |
| Chronic liver disease | |||||||
| Yes | 62 170 (2.3) | 50 543 (81.3) | 7892 (12.7) | 1868 (3.0) | 1042 (1.7) | 825 (1.3) | <.001 |
| No | 2 658 061 (97.7) | 1 808 261 (68.0) | 584 156 (22.0) | 163 713 (6.2) | 61 307 (2.3) | 40 624 (1.5) | |
| COPD | |||||||
| Yes | 69 159 (2.5) | 53 021 (76.7) | 10 744 (15.5) | 1828 (2.6) | 2499 (3.6) | 1067 (1.5) | <.001 |
| No | 2 651 072 (97.5) | 1 805 783 (68.1) | 581 304 (21.9) | 163 753 (6.2) | 59 850 (2.3) | 40 382 (1.5) | |
| Chronic pain | |||||||
| Yes | 150 977 (5.6) | 115 136 (76.3) | 25 556 (16.9) | 5479 (3.6) | 3136 (2.1) | 1670 (1.1) | <.001 |
| No | 2 569 254 (94.4) | 1 743 668 (67.9) | 566 492 (22.0) | 160 102 (6.2) | 59 213 (2.3) | 39 779 (1.5) | |
| Coronary disease | |||||||
| Yes | 88 732 (3.3) | 68 735 (77.5) | 14 681 (16.5) | 1481 (1.7) | 2874 (3.2) | 961 (1.1) | <.001 |
| No | 2 631 499 (96.7) | 1 790 069 (68.0) | 577 367 (21.9) | 164 100 (6.2) | 59 475 (2.3) | 40 488 (1.5) | |
| Dementia | |||||||
| Yes | 8890 (0.3) | 8102 (91.1) | 643 (7.2) | 22 (0.2) | 103 (1.2) | 20 (0.2) | <.001 |
| No | 2 711 341 (99.7) | 1 850 702 (68.3) | 591 405 (21.8) | 165 559 (6.1) | 62 246 (2.3) | 41 429 (1.5) | |
| Diabetes | |||||||
| Yes | 262 715 (9.7) | 217 042 (82.6) | 32 694 (12.4) | 6513 (2.5) | 4161 (1.6) | 2305 (0.9) | <.001 |
| No | 2 457 516 (90.3) | 1 641 762 (66.8) | 559 354 (22.8) | 159 068 (6.5) | 58 188 (2.4) | 39 144 (1.6) | |
| Epilepsy | |||||||
| Yes | 17 415 (0.6) | 14 160 (81.3) | 2250 (12.9) | 530 (3.0) | 295 (1.7) | 180 (1.0) | <.001 |
| No | 2 702 816 (99.4) | 1 844 644 (68.2) | 589 798 (21.8) | 165 051 (6.1) | 62 054 (2.3) | 41 269 (1.5) | |
| Gastroesophageal reflux | |||||||
| Yes | 301 844 (11.1) | 225 862 (74.8) | 53 827 (17.8) | 10 290 (3.4) | 8060 (2.7) | 3805 (1.3) | <.001 |
| No | 2 418 387 (88.9) | 1 632 942 (67.5) | 538 221 (22.3) | 155 291 (6.4) | 54 289 (2.2) | 37 644 (1.6) | |
| Heart failure | |||||||
| Yes | 34 721 (1.3) | 29 492 (84.9) | 3856 (11.1) | 375 (1.1) | 745 (2.1) | 253 (0.7) | <.001 |
| No | 2 685 510 (98.7) | 1 829 312 (68.1) | 588 192 (21.9) | 165 206 (6.2) | 61 604 (2.3) | 41 196 (1.5) | |
| HIV | |||||||
| Yes | 6530 (0.2) | 4217 (64.6) | 1728 (26.5) | 409 (6.3) | 116 (1.8) | 60 (0.9) | <.001 |
| No | 2 713 701 (99.8) | 1 854 587 (68.3) | 590 320 (21.8) | 165 172 (6.1) | 62 233 (2.3) | 41 389 (1.5) | |
| Hyperlipidemia | |||||||
| Yes | 601 782 (22.1) | 439 213 (73.0) | 117 419 (19.5) | 18 542 (3.1) | 18 512 (3.1) | 8096 (1.3) | <.001 |
| No | 2 118 449 (77.9) | 1 419 591 (67.0) | 474 629 (22.4) | 147 039 (6.9) | 43 837 (2.1) | 33 353 (1.6) | |
| Hypertension | |||||||
| Yes | 626 153 (23.0) | 461 131 (73.6) | 114 291 (18.3) | 19 370 (3.1) | 21 159 (3.4) | 10 202 (1.6) | <.001 |
| No | 2 094 078 (77.0) | 1 397 673 (66.7) | 477 757 (22.8) | 146 211 (7.0) | 41 190 (2.0) | 31 247 (1.5) | |
| Injury or poisoning | |||||||
| Yes | 427 398 (15.7) | 298 499 (69.8) | 87 754 (20.5) | 24 647 (5.8) | 10 109 (2.4) | 6389 (1.5) | <.001 |
| No | 2 292 833 (84.3) | 1 560 305 (68.1) | 504 294 (22.0) | 140 934 (6.1) | 52 240 (2.3) | 35 060 (1.5) | |
| Migraine | |||||||
| Yes | 112 353 (4.1) | 85 560 (76.2) | 20 028 (17.8) | 4198 (3.7) | 1710 (1.5) | 857 (0.8) | <.001 |
| No | 2 607 878 (95.9) | 1 773 244 (68.0) | 572 020 (21.9) | 161 383 (6.2) | 60 639 (2.3) | 40 592 (1.6) | |
| Osteoarthritis | |||||||
| Yes | 279 772 (10.3) | 205 306 (73.4) | 54 738 (19.6) | 7469 (2.7) | 8797 (3.1) | 3462 (1.2) | <.001 |
| No | 2 440 459 (89.7) | 1 653 498 (67.8) | 537 310 (22.0) | 158 112 (6.5) | 53 552 (2.2) | 37 987 (1.6) | |
| Osteoporosis/osteopenia | |||||||
| Yes | 118 948 (4.4) | 92 759 (78.0) | 20 651 (17.4) | 1259 (1.1) | 3530 (3.0) | 749 (0.6) | <.001 |
| No | 2 601 283 (95.6) | 1 766 045 (67.9) | 571 397 (22.0) | 164 322 (6.3) | 58 819 (2.3) | 40 700 (1.6) | |
| Parkinson disease/syndrome | |||||||
| Yes | 5170 (0.2) | 4247 (82.1) | 745 (14.4) | 31 (0.6) | 120 (2.3) | 27 (0.5) | <.001 |
| No | 2 715 061 (99.8) | 1 854 557 (68.3) | 591 303 (21.8) | 165 550 (6.1) | 62 229 (2.3) | 41 422 (1.5) | |
| Peptic ulcer | |||||||
| Yes | 8612 (0.3) | 6867 (79.7) | 1226 (14.2) | 229 (2.7) | 194 (2.3) | 96 (1.1) | <.001 |
| No | 2 711 619 (99.7) | 1 851 937 (68.3) | 590 822 (21.8) | 165 352 (6.1) | 62 155 (2.3) | 41 353 (1.5) | |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | |||||||
| Yes | 16 933 (0.6) | 13 455 (79.5) | 2592 (15.3) | 355 (2.1) | 395 (2.3) | 136 (0.8) | <.001 |
| No | 2 703 298 (99.4) | 1 845 349 (68.3) | 589 456 (21.8) | 165 226 (6.1) | 61 954 (2.3) | 41 313 (1.5) | |
Abbreviation: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Medical conditions were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification and International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes in the electronic health record in the year prior to and including the date of the alcohol screening visit.
Percentages represent the proportions of patients with and without the medical condition in the overall sample. Percentages by column may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.
Patients were asked to estimate alcohol use in the past 3 months. Following the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism drinking guidelines, we defined daily limits as more than 4 drinks per day (for men aged 18 to 65 years) or more than 3 drinks per day (for women of any age and men 66 years or older) and weekly limits as more than 14 drinks per week (for men aged 18 to 65 years) or more than 7 drinks per week (for women of any age and men 66 years or older). We classified patients as having no use (reporting no alcohol use), low-risk use (exceeding neither daily nor weekly limits), and unhealthy use (exceeding either daily or weekly limits). We further classified the unhealthy use group into the following mutually exclusive groups: exceeding daily limits, exceeding weekly limits, or exceeding both limits.
Percentages represent the proportions of patients who reported drinking at each level by whether they have a medical condition. Percentages by row may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.
χ2 tests were used to test for associations between demographic characteristics and alcohol consumption levels.