Table 4. Adjusted Associations of Prevalent Medical Conditions With Reporting Unhealthy Alcohol Use Among 861 427 Patients Who Reported Alcohol Usea.
| Conditionb | OR (95% CI)c,d | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Exceeding daily limits vs low-risk use | Exceeding weekly limits vs low-risk use | Exceeding both limits vs low-risk use | |
| Arthritis | 1.02 (0.95-1.09) | 0.98 (0.92-1.05) | 0.89 (0.80-0.98) |
| Asthma | 1.03 (1.00-1.05) | 0.93 (0.90-0.96)e | 0.97 (0.93-1.00) |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.87 (0.84-0.91)e | 1.00 (0.97-1.03) | 0.93 (0.88-0.97) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.80 (0.74-0.87)e | 1.12 (1.06-1.18)e | 1.00 (0.92-1.09) |
| Cancer | 0.91 (0.87-0.95)e | 1.06 (1.03-1.10)e | 0.92 (0.87-0.97) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 0.81 (0.67-0.97) | 0.97 (0.84-1.12) | 0.88 (0.70-1.10) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 0.91 (0.87-0.96) | 0.87 (0.83-0.90)e | 0.71 (0.66-0.76)e |
| Chronic liver disease | 1.07 (1.01-1.12) | 1.09 (1.02-1.17) | 1.42 (1.32-1.53)e |
| COPD | 1.16 (1.10-1.22)e | 1.15 (1.09-1.20)e | 1.15 (1.07-1.23)e |
| Chronic pain | 0.96 (0.94-0.99) | 0.90 (0.86-0.93)e | 0.84 (0.80-0.88)e |
| Coronary disease | 0.86 (0.82-0.91)e | 1.07 (1.03-1.12) | 0.85 (0.80-0.92)e |
| Dementia | 0.49 (0.32-0.76) | 0.67 (0.54-0.83)e | 0.45 (0.29-0.70) |
| Diabetes | 1.11 (1.08-1.15)e | 0.90 (0.86-0.93)e | 0.96 (0.92-1.00) |
| Epilepsy | 0.94 (0.85-1.04) | 1.05 (0.93-1.19) | 1.03 (0.89-1.21) |
| Gastroesophageal reflux | 0.99 (0.97-1.01) | 0.99 (0.97-1.02) | 0.97 (0.94-1.01) |
| Heart failure | 0.85 (0.76-0.95) | 0.99 (0.91-1.07) | 0.84 (0.73-0.95) |
| HIV | 0.83 (0.74-0.93) | 0.72 (0.60-0.87) | 0.45 (0.34-0.58)e |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1.02 (1.00-1.04) | 1.01 (0.99-1.03) | 0.99 (0.97-1.02) |
| Hypertension | 1.11 (1.09-1.13)e | 1.37 (1.34-1.40)e | 1.48 (1.44-1.52)e |
| Injury or poisoning | 1.06 (1.04-1.07)e | 0.99 (0.97-1.02) | 0.98 (0.95-1.01) |
| Migraine | 0.88 (0.85-0.91)e | 0.72 (0.69-0.76)e | 0.63 (0.59-0.67)e |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.96 (0.93-0.98) | 0.94 (0.92-0.97)e | 0.88 (0.84-0.91)e |
| Osteoporosis/osteopenia | 0.75 (0.70-0.79)e | 0.64 (0.62-0.67)e | 0.50 (0.46-0.54)e |
| Parkinson disease/syndrome | 0.44 (0.31-0.64)e | 0.83 (0.69-1.01) | 0.54 (0.37-0.80) |
| Peptic ulcer | 1.10 (0.95-1.27) | 0.98 (0.84-1.14) | 1.03 (0.83-1.27) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 0.94 (0.84-1.06) | 0.92 (0.82-1.02) | 0.77 (0.64-0.91) |
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; OR, odds ratio.
Separate multinomial logistic regression models for each medical condition were adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, household income, body mass index, smoking status, and number of inpatient and emergency department visits in the year prior to the alcohol screening.
Medical conditions were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification and International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes in the electronic health record in the year prior to (and including) the date of the alcohol screening visit.
Low-risk alcohol use was defined as exceeding neither daily nor weekly limits, and unhealthy use as exceeding either limit, according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism drinking guidelines. We further classified the unhealthy use group into the following mutually exclusive groups: exceeding daily limits, exceeding weekly limits, or exceeding both limits.
An OR less than 1 indicates that patients with the medical condition had lower odds than those without the condition of reporting unhealthy use (exceeding daily, weekly, or both limits) relative to low-risk use (whereas an OR greater than 1 indicates higher odds), after controlling for covariates.
Bonferroni-corrected P < .0004.